Data description

Distribution with removed states, visual criteria

State choice

Removed non-patenting states. Created two samples following two criteria:

“Visual” method: plotted distribution by state and removed all states that had overall total patenting equal or less than 5, so very few counts overall. 5 states fell into this criteria. The removed states are the following:

Rmk: there are still very low patenting states (e.g. Nebraska, Arkansas, Maine, Louisiana, Kansas, Hawaii)

Mechanical method: selected states whose distribution fell entirely below the median of y. 13 states fell into this criteria. The removed states are the following:

Potential problem of this approach: give too much importance to outliers!! Maybe take the 75th quantile?

Overview: Preliminary results

Model specifications: * AR(0,1) * y with ihs transformation, y with log+1 transformation, normal y * p-value = 0.01, 0.05

AR0

p_value = 0.01 only here

Ihs Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:15:24 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1071       
                Sample: 1 to 1071       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                          0.4083008  1.0988219  0.3716 0.7102874          
                lpop                          0.1228244  0.4683003  0.2623 0.7931644          
                lgdp_sq                      -0.0025070  0.0469877 -0.0534 0.9574611          
                avg_temp                      0.0068327  0.0138781  0.4923 0.6225921          
                idAlaska                      0.1539210  0.9159737  0.1680 0.8665867          
                idArizona                     1.8382916  0.1616847 11.3696 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -0.7168372  0.2424386 -2.9568 0.0031851 **       
                idCalifornia                  3.2209333  0.8451921  3.8109 0.0001473 ***      
                idColorado                    2.2892983  0.2814646  8.1335 1.286e-15 ***      
                idConnecticut                 3.0186267  0.3035117  9.9457 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.4677290  0.6843453  3.6060 0.0003271 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          0.7209092  0.9029629  0.7984 0.4248470          
                idFlorida                     1.6797514  0.5509056  3.0491 0.0023586 **       
                idGeorgia                     1.3623506  0.2966739  4.5921 4.974e-06 ***      
                idHawaii                     -0.5375363  0.6553705 -0.8202 0.4123051          
                idIdaho                       0.9916685  0.5205387  1.9051 0.0570690 .        
                idIllinois                    1.9602000  0.4422827  4.4320 1.042e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                     1.1123096  0.2309947  4.8153 1.708e-06 ***      
                idIowa                        0.5298050  0.2966688  1.7858 0.0744406 .        
                idKansas                      0.2676003  0.2590662  1.0329 0.3018922          
                idKentucky                    0.3155498  0.1558208  2.0251 0.0431362 *        
                idLouisiana                   0.1647656  0.1689486  0.9752 0.3296873          
                idMaine                       0.4117538  0.5864095  0.7022 0.4827496          
                idMaryland                    1.4447747  0.2005713  7.2033 1.190e-12 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.9174353  0.3024931  9.6446 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.3834103  0.4014407  5.9371 4.053e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.1991567  0.3389058  6.4890 1.384e-10 ***      
                idMississippi                 0.4722006  0.2609270  1.8097 0.0706553 .        
                idMissouri                    0.8799695  0.1879656  4.6815 3.258e-06 ***      
                idMontana                     0.3083292  0.6827426  0.4516 0.6516567          
                idNebraska                   -0.1643843  0.4368491 -0.3763 0.7067808          
                idNevada                      1.4762358  0.3362792  4.3899 1.260e-05 ***      
                idNewHampshire                1.8174434  0.5737393  3.1677 0.0015851 **       
                idNewJersey                   1.9694370  0.3208803  6.1376 1.225e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.7177252  0.3667735  4.6833 3.230e-06 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.6626958  0.6465340  4.1184 4.145e-05 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.9764854  0.2944006  6.7136 3.250e-11 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 0.0750847  0.8208691  0.0915 0.9271385          
                idOhio                        2.2808536  0.4021139  5.6722 1.867e-08 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.7611425  0.1541392  4.9380 9.309e-07 ***      
                idOregon                      2.5699610  0.3076473  8.3536 2.308e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                2.2792968  0.4482964  5.0844 4.437e-07 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 1.9239293  0.6117648  3.1449 0.0017128 **       
                idSouthCarolina               1.4289628  0.1549909  9.2197 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                -0.1192652  0.7452814 -0.1600 0.8728935          
                idTennessee                   0.3713279  0.2262445  1.6413 0.1010704          
                idTexas                       1.9897210  0.6710861  2.9649 0.0031027 **       
                idUtah                        1.2440041  0.3112346  3.9970 6.908e-05 ***      
                idVermont                     1.0331895  0.8500050  1.2155 0.2244714          
                idVirginia                    1.6074055  0.2678702  6.0007 2.785e-09 ***      
                idWashington                  2.0257263  0.3097028  6.5409 9.944e-11 ***      
                idWestVirginia                0.0530469  0.4050056  0.1310 0.8958200          
                idWisconsin                   1.9586318  0.3080220  6.3587 3.145e-10 ***      
                idWyoming                     1.3722310  0.9389396  1.4615 0.1442151          
                time2000                     -5.0285864  7.6219351 -0.6598 0.5095718          
                time2001                     -4.9954705  7.6254015 -0.6551 0.5125549          
                time2002                     -4.8482729  7.6269593 -0.6357 0.5251398          
                time2003                     -4.7417790  7.6255011 -0.6218 0.5342006          
                time2004                     -4.7608741  7.6272121 -0.6242 0.5326477          
                time2005                     -4.5013649  7.6296969 -0.5900 0.5553437          
                time2006                     -4.3788968  7.6336994 -0.5736 0.5663550          
                time2007                     -4.1804410  7.6326410 -0.5477 0.5840217          
                time2008                     -4.1300235  7.6306223 -0.5412 0.5884658          
                time2009                     -3.8883662  7.6334463 -0.5094 0.6105995          
                time2010                     -3.9579112  7.6369185 -0.5183 0.6043965          
                time2011                     -3.9668617  7.6381702 -0.5193 0.6036388          
                time2012                     -4.0186183  7.6430250 -0.5258 0.5991566          
                time2013                     -4.0807389  7.6362487 -0.5344 0.5931955          
                time2014                     -4.3547357  7.6353652 -0.5703 0.5685826          
                time2015                     -4.3362478  7.6404379 -0.5675 0.5704810          
                time2016                     -4.4248847  7.6428718 -0.5790 0.5627553          
                time2017                     -4.4929644  7.6414055 -0.5880 0.5566870          
                time2018                     -4.4565210  7.6386649 -0.5834 0.5597506          
                time2019                     -4.6152741  7.6369112 -0.6043 0.5457623          
                time2020                     -5.5564505  7.6437372 -0.7269 0.4674475          
                iis65                         1.9123133  0.3908942  4.8922 1.170e-06 ***      
                iis76                         1.1768405  0.3849653  3.0570 0.0022977 **       
                iis168                       -1.2116125  0.3984430 -3.0409 0.0024232 **       
                iis173                       -1.2857973  0.3940167 -3.2633 0.0011402 **       
                iis247                       -1.4694958  0.3883394 -3.7841 0.0001639 ***      
                iis249                       -1.3236139  0.3885699 -3.4064 0.0006857 ***      
                iis250                       -1.6153426  0.3886732 -4.1560 3.528e-05 ***      
                iis364                       -1.4553471  0.3777448 -3.8527 0.0001246 ***      
                iis525                        1.5290323  0.3807494  4.0158 6.387e-05 ***      
                iis527                       -1.3793819  0.3781501 -3.6477 0.0002789 ***      
                iis576                       -1.0505561  0.3851600 -2.7276 0.0064968 **       
                iis721                        1.1903262  0.3830399  3.1076 0.0019419 **       
                iis866                        1.7434342  0.3939148  4.4259 1.071e-05 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007             -1.2192158  0.2010459 -6.0644 1.905e-09 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              0.7904637  0.2040454  3.8740 0.0001144 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2009            0.6482180  0.1723901  3.7602 0.0001801 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.5982914  0.1656534 -3.6117 0.0003200 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.8178532  0.1849953 -4.4209 1.095e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.2154298  0.2553178 -4.7605 2.230e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.4669191  0.2464042  5.9533 3.685e-09 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001              1.3728067  0.3909467  3.5115 0.0004664 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.4830059  0.1802577 -2.6795 0.0074991 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.8326289  0.2163531 -3.8485 0.0001267 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           1.0753087  0.2390419  4.4984 7.687e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2008               0.6999229  0.1688994  4.1440 3.715e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.3986445  0.2076588 -6.7353 2.819e-11 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.7383887  0.1675422  4.4072 1.166e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -0.7433067  0.1854884 -4.0073 6.619e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              1.0401965  0.2964697  3.5086 0.0004714 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.7595870  0.2055449 -3.6955 0.0002319 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.8176507  0.1931060 -4.2342 2.515e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.8138095  0.1688143  4.8207 1.663e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.2229023  0.1839370  6.6485 4.969e-11 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2019        -1.2583965  0.2845261 -4.4228 1.086e-05 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.6105224  0.1895153  3.2215 0.0013183 **       
                fesisWestVirginia.2013       -0.5877609  0.1692226 -3.4733 0.0005371 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2003            -0.8272521  0.2389653 -3.4618 0.0005603 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017            -0.9102405  0.2377471 -3.8286 0.0001372 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020             1.9366798  0.4256536  4.5499 6.057e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   3.1879  1 0.07419 .      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.5869  1 0.05824 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.36470      
                R-squared           0.94193      
                Log-lik.(n=1071) -382.39447      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:13:43 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 945       
                Sample: 1 to 945       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                           2.190143   1.540560  1.4217 0.1554988          
                lpop                           0.310336   0.468498  0.6624 0.5078933          
                lgdp_sq                       -0.069340   0.058361 -1.1881 0.2351177          
                avg_temp                       0.021949   0.014258  1.5395 0.1240663          
                idArizona                      1.710079   0.159635 10.7124 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.490227   0.273937 -1.7896 0.0738860 .        
                idCalifornia                   2.847941   0.818476  3.4796 0.0005281 ***      
                idColorado                     2.424730   0.291039  8.3313 3.249e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  3.185928   0.311164 10.2388 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     3.104791   0.668886  4.6417 4.009e-06 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           1.298101   0.877943  1.4786 0.1396308          
                idFlorida                      1.150423   0.539912  2.1308 0.0333994 *        
                idGeorgia                      1.070143   0.298591  3.5840 0.0003579 ***      
                idHawaii                      -0.288396   0.641083 -0.4499 0.6529292          
                idIdaho                        1.711715   0.542500  3.1552 0.0016610 **       
                idIllinois                     1.784309   0.443013  4.0277 6.145e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.101539   0.234619  4.6950 3.114e-06 ***      
                idIowa                         0.818070   0.294399  2.7788 0.0055785 **       
                idKansas                       0.486406   0.252419  1.9270 0.0543200 .        
                idKentucky                     0.390518   0.151695  2.5744 0.0102130 *        
                idLouisiana                    0.028926   0.172335  0.1678 0.8667424          
                idMaine                        1.428462   0.601066  2.3765 0.0176993 *        
                idMaryland                     1.402995   0.212192  6.6119 6.751e-11 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.930502   0.319697  9.1665 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.370947   0.402129  5.8960 5.397e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.388006   0.349677  6.8292 1.640e-11 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.852091   0.189443  4.4979 7.831e-06 ***      
                idNebraska                     0.842900   0.478654  1.7610 0.0786067 .        
                idNevada                       1.805913   0.329085  5.4877 5.397e-08 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 2.522298   0.574376  4.3914 1.271e-05 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.848160   0.331553  5.5742 3.353e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico                    2.118330   0.369206  5.7375 1.342e-08 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.540762   0.638946  3.9765 7.598e-05 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.759387   0.294846  5.9672 3.560e-09 ***      
                idOhio                         2.136975   0.401010  5.3290 1.270e-07 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.816441   0.147023  5.5532 3.767e-08 ***      
                idOregon                       2.835370   0.301061  9.4179 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.150963   0.447011  4.8119 1.773e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  2.671233   0.620445  4.3054 1.864e-05 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.411068   0.143808  9.8121 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                  0.883548   0.773143  1.1428 0.2534476          
                idTennessee                    0.295466   0.219492  1.3461 0.1786231          
                idTexas                        1.528768   0.654744  2.3349 0.0197834 *        
                idUtah                         1.734123   0.319179  5.4331 7.264e-08 ***      
                idVermont                      2.209978   0.889632  2.4841 0.0131805 *        
                idVirginia                     1.476210   0.276667  5.3357 1.226e-07 ***      
                idWashington                   2.066607   0.322337  6.4113 2.407e-10 ***      
                idWisconsin                    2.111343   0.314584  6.7115 3.546e-11 ***      
                time2000                     -19.274078  10.253217 -1.8798 0.0604810 .        
                time2001                     -19.245471  10.256465 -1.8764 0.0609445 .        
                time2002                     -19.077216  10.260186 -1.8593 0.0633287 .        
                time2003                     -19.014831  10.262932 -1.8528 0.0642670 .        
                time2004                     -18.999702  10.269202 -1.8502 0.0646418 .        
                time2005                     -18.760781  10.273576 -1.8261 0.0681879 .        
                time2006                     -18.685365  10.278707 -1.8179 0.0694408 .        
                time2007                     -18.458171  10.279087 -1.7957 0.0729022 .        
                time2008                     -18.382020  10.276512 -1.7887 0.0740176 .        
                time2009                     -18.175820  10.273752 -1.7692 0.0772323 .        
                time2010                     -18.235464  10.279378 -1.7740 0.0764287 .        
                time2011                     -18.270148  10.281034 -1.7771 0.0759189 .        
                time2012                     -18.295730  10.286259 -1.7787 0.0756584 .        
                time2013                     -18.335414  10.280621 -1.7835 0.0748679 .        
                time2014                     -18.633479  10.282506 -1.8122 0.0703203 .        
                time2015                     -18.618794  10.289022 -1.8096 0.0707193 .        
                time2016                     -18.675570  10.291651 -1.8146 0.0699377 .        
                time2017                     -18.719461  10.291842 -1.8189 0.0692890 .        
                time2018                     -18.714110  10.292319 -1.8183 0.0693813 .        
                time2019                     -18.884491  10.293510 -1.8346 0.0669191 .        
                time2020                     -19.918472  10.294789 -1.9348 0.0533497 .        
                iis18                         -1.256111   0.347936 -3.6102 0.0003242 ***      
                iis44                          1.900916   0.379450  5.0097 6.651e-07 ***      
                iis147                        -1.130725   0.366943 -3.0815 0.0021271 **       
                iis152                        -1.316806   0.362998 -3.6276 0.0003034 ***      
                iis226                        -1.572747   0.352220 -4.4652 9.093e-06 ***      
                iis228                        -1.486776   0.352761 -4.2147 2.773e-05 ***      
                iis229                        -1.759183   0.352819 -4.9861 7.490e-07 ***      
                iis343                        -1.418975   0.347811 -4.0797 4.939e-05 ***      
                iis383                        -1.036837   0.356548 -2.9080 0.0037337 **       
                iis485                        -1.383377   0.348412 -3.9705 7.787e-05 ***      
                iis513                        -1.591632   0.352325 -4.5175 7.155e-06 ***      
                iis515                        -1.424182   0.351358 -4.0534 5.519e-05 ***      
                iis782                         1.714476   0.362873  4.7247 2.701e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2005             1.336427   0.379768  3.5191 0.0004564 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -1.871867   0.391860 -4.7769 2.101e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2009             1.578204   0.240050  6.5745 8.580e-11 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2015            -0.704021   0.196405 -3.5845 0.0003572 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.605881   0.153185 -3.9552 8.293e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.869922   0.171632 -5.0685 4.935e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -1.246855   0.236358 -5.2753 1.689e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011   1.412940   0.227634  6.2071 8.482e-10 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001               1.600117   0.379346  4.2181 2.732e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2005              -0.708194   0.197398 -3.5876 0.0003530 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.825540   0.199565 -4.1367 3.879e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            1.051545   0.220896  4.7604 2.276e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011                0.566914   0.154807  3.6621 0.0002659 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2002            -1.058781   0.309917 -3.4163 0.0006652 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2005             1.078515   0.220469  4.8919 1.197e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.818805   0.172654 -4.7425 2.481e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               1.075735   0.273235  3.9370 8.935e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.803231   0.190706 -4.2119 2.807e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.835745   0.178445 -4.6835 3.289e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.768714   0.155673  4.9380 9.527e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.714459   0.241779  7.0910 2.830e-12 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.803501   0.232417 -3.4571 0.0005734 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2019         -1.014162   0.269681 -3.7606 0.0001813 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005            0.589572   0.174499  3.3787 0.0007620 ***      
                fesisUtah.2016                -0.658158   0.184705 -3.5633 0.0003869 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)    3.2068  1 0.0733350 .        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 13.6073  1 0.0002253 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.33535      
                R-squared           0.94116      
                Log-lik.(n=945)  -254.90748      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:17:22 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 756       
                Sample: 1 to 756       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                              coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -2.6410970  1.4268861 -1.8510 0.0646145 .        
                lpop                     1.3028495  0.4310143  3.0228 0.0026000 **       
                lgdp_sq                  0.0933079  0.0529882  1.7609 0.0787062 .        
                avg_temp                 0.0022660  0.0131517  0.1723 0.8632585          
                idCalifornia             0.2190574  0.6249756  0.3505 0.7260690          
                idColorado               0.6711936  0.2310308  2.9052 0.0037905 **       
                idConnecticut            1.7158377  0.2816772  6.0915 1.881e-09 ***      
                idDelaware               1.7516586  0.6368955  2.7503 0.0061139 **       
                idDistrictofColumbia     1.0495762  0.8231133  1.2751 0.2027034          
                idFlorida               -0.8033840  0.3827111 -2.0992 0.0361719 *        
                idGeorgia               -0.6320293  0.1660858 -3.8054 0.0001545 ***      
                idIdaho                 -0.4265915  0.5135354 -0.8307 0.4064403          
                idIllinois              -0.2005454  0.2830830 -0.7084 0.4789215          
                idIndiana               -0.7229595  0.1456230 -4.9646 8.734e-07 ***      
                idIowa                  -1.6419574  0.3342530 -4.9123 1.131e-06 ***      
                idKentucky              -1.3409866  0.1621303 -8.2710 7.104e-16 ***      
                idMaryland              -0.2065144  0.1369850 -1.5076 0.1321339          
                idMassachusetts          1.2466173  0.2167117  5.7524 1.336e-08 ***      
                idMichigan               0.2279319  0.2737276  0.8327 0.4053115          
                idMinnesota              0.5319560  0.2789901  1.9067 0.0569824 .        
                idMissouri              -0.9083697  0.1180530 -7.6946 5.066e-14 ***      
                idNevada                 0.2392908  0.3373506  0.7093 0.4783693          
                idNewHampshire           0.6629704  0.5446176  1.2173 0.2239116          
                idNewJersey              0.0950070  0.1943605  0.4888 0.6251296          
                idNewMexico              0.3223873  0.3798432  0.8487 0.3963290          
                idNewYork                0.2129634  0.4602762  0.4627 0.6437389          
                idNorthCarolina         -0.0432690  0.1572606 -0.2751 0.7832914          
                idOhio                   0.1052713  0.2519295  0.4179 0.6761827          
                idOklahoma              -0.8099266  0.1850473 -4.3769 1.395e-05 ***      
                idOregon                 0.8732322  0.2775528  3.1462 0.0017271 **       
                idPennsylvania           0.0546231  0.2929135  0.1865 0.8521230          
                idRhodeIsland            0.6836387  0.5801082  1.1785 0.2390268          
                idSouthCarolina         -0.2913295  0.1626204 -1.7915 0.0736672 .        
                idTennessee             -0.8788852  0.0948258 -9.2684 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                 -0.6524121  0.4754400 -1.3722 0.1704496          
                idUtah                  -0.1650285  0.3145410 -0.5247 0.5999893          
                idVirginia              -0.1899757  0.1498248 -1.2680 0.2052414          
                idWashington             0.2762757  0.2207269  1.2517 0.2111274          
                idWisconsin              0.0070037  0.2434957  0.0288 0.9770620          
                time2000                 9.9153282  8.9746380  1.1048 0.2696339          
                time2001                10.0268671  8.9783523  1.1168 0.2644859          
                time2002                10.1615369  8.9784237  1.1318 0.2581330          
                time2003                10.1472013  8.9798393  1.1300 0.2588796          
                time2004                10.2194733  8.9851918  1.1374 0.2557891          
                time2005                10.4245307  8.9891241  1.1597 0.2465893          
                time2006                10.6220203  8.9933506  1.1811 0.2379814          
                time2007                10.7130860  8.9932352  1.1912 0.2339800          
                time2008                10.8169718  8.9903303  1.2032 0.2293303          
                time2009                10.9752585  8.9869541  1.2212 0.2224215          
                time2010                11.0053004  8.9909028  1.2240 0.2213623          
                time2011                10.9656474  8.9927992  1.2194 0.2231268          
                time2012                10.9192339  8.9974850  1.2136 0.2253311          
                time2013                10.8778165  8.9919029  1.2097 0.2268055          
                time2014                10.5430198  8.9936652  1.1723 0.2415028          
                time2015                10.6141586  8.9996423  1.1794 0.2386566          
                time2016                10.4762217  9.0022961  1.1637 0.2449468          
                time2017                10.4665254  9.0025022  1.1626 0.2453942          
                time2018                10.5242466  9.0026044  1.1690 0.2428085          
                time2019                10.3588320  9.0026476  1.1506 0.2502879          
                time2020                 9.2642658  9.0041124  1.0289 0.3038997          
                iis105                  -1.1450305  0.3026471 -3.7834 0.0001685 ***      
                iis110                  -1.4349009  0.2884543 -4.9744 8.317e-07 ***      
                iis114                  -1.8779541  0.2898113 -6.4799 1.774e-10 ***      
                iis115                  -0.9347899  0.2895144 -3.2288 0.0013034 **       
                iis116                  -1.0119780  0.2894518 -3.4962 0.0005030 ***      
                iis170                  -1.2130258  0.2913691 -4.1632 3.546e-05 ***      
                iis254                  -1.0860643  0.2877238 -3.7747 0.0001744 ***      
                iis259                  -1.5383352  0.2870719 -5.3587 1.153e-07 ***      
                iis359                  -1.4706350  0.2875217 -5.1149 4.099e-07 ***      
                iis397                  -0.9236157  0.2970766 -3.1090 0.0019563 **       
                iis631                  -1.1183776  0.2869954 -3.8968 0.0001072 ***      
                iis634                  -1.1701208  0.2870563 -4.0763 5.123e-05 ***      
                iis692                  -1.0311390  0.2910167 -3.5432 0.0004226 ***      
                iis695                  -1.1198474  0.2872357 -3.8987 0.0001064 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -0.5713880  0.1265220 -4.5161 7.437e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -0.8793058  0.1420493 -6.1901 1.045e-09 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002           0.8006599  0.2129636  3.7596 0.0001850 ***      
                fesisNevada.2010        -0.7339330  0.1435302 -5.1134 4.129e-07 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019         0.8583766  0.2223145  3.8611 0.0001238 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004        -0.6637962  0.1577950 -4.2067 2.942e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005   -0.6819594  0.1488021 -4.5830 5.464e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  0.7864557  0.1280713  6.1408 1.404e-09 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014      0.5016545  0.1311996  3.8236 0.0001437 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.89818  1 0.34327        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 4.00717  1 0.04531 *      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.27566      
                R-squared          0.94499      
                Log-lik.(n=756)  -57.04732      

Log Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:03:23 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1071       
                Sample: 1 to 1071       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                  coef std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                         -0.817466  0.916508 -0.8919 0.3726508          
                lpop                          0.592368  0.388921  1.5231 0.1280624          
                lgdp_sq                       0.036635  0.039306  0.9321 0.3515444          
                avg_temp                      0.006058  0.011610  0.5218 0.6019276          
                idAlaska                      0.798679  0.763814  1.0456 0.2959879          
                idArizona                     1.524666  0.133936 11.3836 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -0.139757  0.219129 -0.6378 0.5237677          
                idCalifornia                  2.361599  0.694375  3.4010 0.0006990 ***      
                idColorado                    2.062720  0.234045  8.8133 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                 2.878557  0.253175 11.3698 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.631399  0.567312  4.6384 3.999e-06 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          1.355751  0.749103  1.8098 0.0706348 .        
                idFlorida                     1.063133  0.454870  2.3372 0.0196326 *        
                idGeorgia                     0.988608  0.244654  4.0408 5.752e-05 ***      
                idHawaii                      0.015172  0.543700  0.0279 0.9777433          
                idIdaho                       1.060506  0.433948  2.4439 0.0147106 *        
                idIllinois                    1.488725  0.362779  4.1037 4.412e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                     0.864819  0.190924  4.5297 6.652e-06 ***      
                idIowa                        0.596918  0.248050  2.4064 0.0162971 *        
                idKansas                      0.397059  0.215896  1.8391 0.0662066 .        
                idKentucky                    0.282119  0.130557  2.1609 0.0309514 *        
                idLouisiana                   0.181210  0.141777  1.2781 0.2015117          
                idMaine                       0.744443  0.485302  1.5340 0.1253646          
                idMaryland                    1.230881  0.165944  7.4175 2.625e-13 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.635285  0.249577 10.5590 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    1.926946  0.330468  5.8310 7.526e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                   1.960427  0.281745  6.9581 6.381e-12 ***      
                idMississippi                 0.492238  0.217292  2.2653 0.0237150 *        
                idMissouri                    0.674890  0.155726  4.3338 1.620e-05 ***      
                idMontana                     0.643790  0.568110  1.1332 0.2574080          
                idNebraska                    0.201845  0.363835  0.5548 0.5791810          
                idNevada                      1.446246  0.280576  5.1546 3.087e-07 ***      
                idNewHampshire                1.872789  0.477645  3.9209 9.450e-05 ***      
                idNewJersey                   1.621387  0.263570  6.1516 1.125e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.651686  0.304680  5.4211 7.499e-08 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.053170  0.530112  3.8731 0.0001148 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.567299  0.242124  6.4731 1.530e-10 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 0.675553  0.682429  0.9899 0.3224605          
                idOhio                        1.802917  0.330048  5.4626 5.980e-08 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.696108  0.128692  5.4091 8.000e-08 ***      
                idOregon                      2.297475  0.257666  8.9165 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                1.782709  0.367827  4.8466 1.464e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 1.956519  0.508566  3.8471 0.0001274 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.208152  0.129862  9.3033 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 0.394956  0.619456  0.6376 0.5238962          
                idTennessee                   0.279847  0.187880  1.4895 0.1366842          
                idTexas                       1.291944  0.552366  2.3389 0.0195437 *        
                idUtah                        1.207885  0.260039  4.6450 3.874e-06 ***      
                idVermont                     1.305268  0.706274  1.8481 0.0648950 .        
                idVirginia                    1.296835  0.220248  5.8881 5.400e-09 ***      
                idWashington                  1.743429  0.255663  6.8192 1.618e-11 ***      
                idWestVirginia                0.115669  0.340103  0.3401 0.7338560          
                idWisconsin                   1.683460  0.256051  6.5747 7.996e-11 ***      
                idWyoming                     1.739556  0.780828  2.2278 0.0261229 *        
                time2000                     -0.133738  6.373409 -0.0210 0.9832630          
                time2001                     -0.096525  6.376299 -0.0151 0.9879251          
                time2002                      0.021755  6.377580  0.0034 0.9972790          
                time2003                      0.108516  6.376266  0.0170 0.9864252          
                time2004                      0.088659  6.377617  0.0139 0.9889114          
                time2005                      0.328622  6.379626  0.0515 0.9589289          
                time2006                      0.473152  6.382354  0.0741 0.9409189          
                time2007                      0.622041  6.381920  0.0975 0.9223741          
                time2008                      0.685663  6.380195  0.1075 0.9144407          
                time2009                      0.875599  6.382733  0.1372 0.8909153          
                time2010                      0.825243  6.385640  0.1292 0.8971994          
                time2011                      0.804861  6.386677  0.1260 0.8997410          
                time2012                      0.758061  6.390784  0.1186 0.9056029          
                time2013                      0.693877  6.384909  0.1087 0.9134834          
                time2014                      0.452983  6.384073  0.0710 0.9434483          
                time2015                      0.465581  6.388305  0.0729 0.9419167          
                time2016                      0.372971  6.390269  0.0584 0.9534697          
                time2017                      0.328957  6.389071  0.0515 0.9589478          
                time2018                      0.374926  6.386464  0.0587 0.9531983          
                time2019                      0.217162  6.385045  0.0340 0.9728754          
                time2020                     -0.624706  6.390995 -0.0977 0.9221530          
                iis65                         1.211273  0.338253  3.5810 0.0003595 ***      
                iis76                         0.923899  0.322577  2.8641 0.0042728 **       
                iis247                       -0.877696  0.333512 -2.6317 0.0086329 **       
                iis249                       -1.373239  0.356742 -3.8494 0.0001263 ***      
                iis250                       -1.644841  0.356706 -4.6112 4.545e-06 ***      
                iis364                       -1.125362  0.316476 -3.5559 0.0003951 ***      
                iis525                        1.352912  0.318951  4.2417 2.433e-05 ***      
                iis527                       -1.018840  0.316841 -3.2156 0.0013451 **       
                iis576                       -0.835056  0.322748 -2.5873 0.0098184 **       
                iis866                        1.360881  0.330010  4.1238 4.050e-05 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007             -1.002223  0.168370 -5.9525 3.701e-09 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              0.691221  0.170848  4.0458 5.633e-05 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006           -0.695042  0.225587 -3.0810 0.0021216 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009            0.898267  0.201519  4.4575 9.272e-06 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.546309  0.138615 -3.9412 8.696e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.887511  0.148038 -5.9951 2.876e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.889044  0.209797 -4.2376 2.477e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.182208  0.206499  5.7250 1.383e-08 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001              1.009582  0.327597  3.0818 0.0021164 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.607187  0.167336 -3.6286 0.0003001 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2016              0.633657  0.218852  2.8954 0.0038730 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.694478  0.181268 -3.8312 0.0001358 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           0.904990  0.200305  4.5180 7.019e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011               0.539693  0.137387  3.9283 9.170e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.128150  0.173898 -6.4874 1.397e-10 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.600900  0.140305  4.2828 2.031e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -0.690039  0.155438 -4.4393 1.007e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              0.902304  0.248387  3.6327 0.0002954 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.669301  0.172233 -3.8860 0.0001089 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.666868  0.161559 -4.1277 3.983e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.756364  0.141445  5.3474 1.116e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         0.986700  0.156535  6.3034 4.435e-10 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018        -0.767436  0.204875 -3.7459 0.0001905 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.467434  0.158796  2.9436 0.0033223 **       
                fesisWyoming.2003            -0.676889  0.200195 -3.3811 0.0007510 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017            -0.676036  0.199279 -3.3924 0.0007211 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020             1.604244  0.356598  4.4987 7.673e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.91273  1  0.3394      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.80321  1  0.3701      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.30560      
                R-squared           0.94623      
                Log-lik.(n=1071) -194.03742      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:01:47 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 945       
                Sample: 1 to 945       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                  coef std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                         -0.549086  1.304662 -0.4209 0.6739618          
                lpop                          0.736337  0.401264  1.8350 0.0668532 .        
                lgdp_sq                       0.024758  0.049468  0.5005 0.6168609          
                avg_temp                      0.018556  0.012204  1.5205 0.1287683          
                idArizona                     1.522388  0.135637 11.2240 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -0.042304  0.223038 -0.1897 0.8496123          
                idCalifornia                  2.240066  0.699740  3.2013 0.0014197 **       
                idColorado                    2.280445  0.248239  9.1865 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                 3.101616  0.265829 11.6677 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.958790  0.572169  5.1712 2.910e-07 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          1.855322  0.751906  2.4675 0.0138050 *        
                idFlorida                     0.821452  0.462679  1.7754 0.0761901 .        
                idGeorgia                     0.907508  0.255131  3.5570 0.0003961 ***      
                idHawaii                      0.023116  0.546272  0.0423 0.9662564          
                idIdaho                       1.460923  0.464271  3.1467 0.0017095 **       
                idIllinois                    1.531373  0.377688  4.0546 5.490e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                     0.973118  0.199613  4.8750 1.301e-06 ***      
                idIowa                        0.847577  0.252103  3.3620 0.0008087 ***      
                idKansas                      0.521063  0.215615  2.4166 0.0158770 *        
                idKentucky                    0.382780  0.129009  2.9671 0.0030919 **       
                idLouisiana                   0.149554  0.146764  1.0190 0.3084925          
                idMaine                       1.193236  0.513897  2.3219 0.0204748 *        
                idMaryland                    1.318505  0.180483  7.3054 6.433e-13 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.796751  0.272195 10.2748 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.074537  0.342520  6.0567 2.095e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.229116  0.298366  7.4711 1.998e-13 ***      
                idMissouri                    0.757157  0.161004  4.7027 3.001e-06 ***      
                idNebraska                    0.579546  0.369781  1.5673 0.1174290          
                idNevada                      1.694472  0.281642  6.0164 2.661e-09 ***      
                idNewHampshire                2.293302  0.492015  4.6610 3.658e-06 ***      
                idNewJersey                   1.689312  0.282381  5.9824 3.254e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.879327  0.315616  5.9545 3.833e-09 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.151136  0.544707  3.9492 8.501e-05 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.544472  0.251491  6.1413 1.263e-09 ***      
                idOhio                        1.859034  0.341748  5.4398 7.002e-08 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.769260  0.124885  6.1598 1.129e-09 ***      
                idOregon                      2.524903  0.257273  9.8141 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                1.859490  0.380924  4.8815 1.260e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 2.328914  0.530228  4.3923 1.265e-05 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.226624  0.121861 10.0658 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 0.868935  0.660747  1.3151 0.1888421          
                idTennessee                   0.317134  0.186864  1.6971 0.0900416 .        
                idTexas                       1.110371  0.560422  1.9813 0.0478822 *        
                idUtah                        1.570628  0.273199  5.7490 1.256e-08 ***      
                idVermont                     1.858525  0.760358  2.4443 0.0147192 *        
                idVirginia                    1.387055  0.235956  5.8784 5.973e-09 ***      
                idWashington                  1.920263  0.274452  6.9967 5.359e-12 ***      
                idWisconsin                   1.761692  0.269309  6.5415 1.058e-10 ***      
                time2000                     -3.648560  8.687095 -0.4200 0.6745947          
                time2001                     -3.587727  8.689496 -0.4129 0.6797994          
                time2002                     -3.488091  8.692907 -0.4013 0.6883330          
                time2003                     -3.433261  8.695209 -0.3948 0.6930576          
                time2004                     -3.422531  8.700571 -0.3934 0.6941473          
                time2005                     -3.164074  8.705731 -0.3634 0.7163624          
                time2006                     -3.098552  8.709925 -0.3557 0.7221176          
                time2007                     -2.906037  8.710221 -0.3336 0.7387382          
                time2008                     -2.828194  8.707062 -0.3248 0.7454012          
                time2009                     -2.650826  8.705284 -0.3045 0.7608166          
                time2010                     -2.680248  8.709136 -0.3078 0.7583479          
                time2011                     -2.720435  8.711674 -0.3123 0.7549094          
                time2012                     -2.778510  8.715467 -0.3188 0.7499558          
                time2013                     -2.793847  8.710641 -0.3207 0.7484877          
                time2014                     -3.065286  8.712348 -0.3518 0.7250523          
                time2015                     -3.068871  8.717974 -0.3520 0.7249143          
                time2016                     -3.137769  8.720100 -0.3598 0.7190635          
                time2017                     -3.184964  8.720369 -0.3652 0.7150298          
                time2018                     -3.137329  8.720540 -0.3598 0.7191148          
                time2019                     -3.303568  8.721492 -0.3788 0.7049435          
                time2020                     -4.250411  8.722353 -0.4873 0.6261724          
                iis44                         1.186998  0.317098  3.7433 0.0001940 ***      
                iis55                         0.903649  0.302251  2.9897 0.0028738 **       
                iis152                       -0.928396  0.309400 -3.0006 0.0027740 **       
                iis226                       -0.877488  0.312560 -2.8074 0.0051098 **       
                iis228                       -1.404911  0.334546 -4.1995 2.962e-05 ***      
                iis229                       -1.685381  0.334490 -5.0387 5.743e-07 ***      
                iis336                        1.071817  0.297509  3.6026 0.0003335 ***      
                iis343                       -1.074992  0.296548 -3.6250 0.0003063 ***      
                iis485                       -1.052646  0.297139 -3.5426 0.0004181 ***      
                iis513                       -0.889794  0.303872 -2.9282 0.0035017 **       
                iis515                       -0.794270  0.304116 -2.6117 0.0091694 **       
                iis782                        1.355076  0.309289  4.3813 1.329e-05 ***      
                iis787                        0.817778  0.305713  2.6750 0.0076188 **       
                iis884                       -0.953170  0.296965 -3.2097 0.0013792 **       
                fesisArkansas.2006           -0.680353  0.211406 -3.2182 0.0013394 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009            0.882508  0.188922  4.6713 3.485e-06 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.555187  0.130669 -4.2488 2.390e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.897092  0.140075 -6.4044 2.512e-10 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.015891  0.201514 -5.0413 5.667e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.166808  0.194069  6.0123 2.727e-09 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001              0.999951  0.307266  3.2543 0.0011820 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.616310  0.157384 -3.9160 9.735e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2016              0.650914  0.205245  3.1714 0.0015722 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.699689  0.170194 -4.1111 4.325e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           0.906486  0.188331  4.8133 1.761e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011               0.540273  0.129281  4.1790 3.234e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.526933  0.138728  3.7983 0.0001562 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -0.732831  0.147274 -4.9760 7.878e-07 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              0.961842  0.232967  4.1287 4.013e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.670177  0.162459 -4.1252 4.073e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.669029  0.152070 -4.3995 1.225e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.736542  0.132786  5.5469 3.899e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         0.896772  0.160324  5.5935 3.012e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018        -0.642972  0.194862 -3.2996 0.0010089 **       
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.461761  0.148749  3.1043 0.0019713 **       
                fesisUtah.2016               -0.460655  0.157504 -2.9247 0.0035404 **       
                fesisWisconsin.2014           0.455637  0.135365  3.3660 0.0007973 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.3997  1 0.23677        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.7238  1 0.09886 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.28592      
                R-squared           0.94558      
                Log-lik.(n=945)  -104.72881      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:05:25 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 756       
                Sample: 1 to 756       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                         -2.8286385  1.2794922 -2.2108 0.0273881 *        
                lpop                          0.7991606  0.3924147  2.0365 0.0420885 *        
                lgdp_sq                       0.1061477  0.0479933  2.2117 0.0273207 *        
                avg_temp                      0.0017879  0.0119487  0.1496 0.8811005          
                idCalifornia                  0.7285256  0.5644320  1.2907 0.1972422          
                idColorado                    0.5307503  0.2090028  2.5394 0.0113265 *        
                idConnecticut                 1.4036377  0.2555598  5.4924 5.623e-08 ***      
                idDelaware                    0.9332987  0.5902978  1.5811 0.1143325          
                idDistrictofColumbia          0.0827699  0.7690344  0.1076 0.9143225          
                idFlorida                    -0.4281519  0.3475985 -1.2317 0.2184748          
                idGeorgia                    -0.4829839  0.1508301 -3.2022 0.0014281 **       
                idIdaho                      -0.8238546  0.4742414 -1.7372 0.0828078 .        
                idIllinois                   -0.0170430  0.2567340 -0.0664 0.9470918          
                idIndiana                    -0.6726668  0.1317963 -5.1038 4.334e-07 ***      
                idIowa                       -1.0124147  0.2672484 -3.7883 0.0001652 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.3151196  0.1469878 -8.9471 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -0.2552755  0.1233129 -2.0701 0.0388192 *        
                idMassachusetts               1.1590608  0.1950324  5.9429 4.491e-09 ***      
                idMichigan                    0.3570893  0.2492280  1.4328 0.1523839          
                idMinnesota                   0.4121986  0.2524783  1.6326 0.1030181          
                idMissouri                   -0.8617777  0.1067642 -8.0718 3.186e-15 ***      
                idNevada                     -0.0913251  0.3099275 -0.2947 0.7683397          
                idNewHampshire                0.0889982  0.5024943  0.1771 0.8594730          
                idNewJersey                   0.1463257  0.1753847  0.8343 0.4044004          
                idNewMexico                  -0.0692176  0.3503734 -0.1976 0.8434536          
                idNewYork                     0.8284440  0.4365474  1.8977 0.0581602 .        
                idNorthCarolina               0.0703110  0.1429585  0.4918 0.6230011          
                idOhio                        0.2735932  0.2292187  1.1936 0.2330583          
                idOklahoma                   -0.8766441  0.1697515 -5.1643 3.181e-07 ***      
                idOregon                      0.0508574  0.2254590  0.2256 0.8216021          
                idPennsylvania                0.2471707  0.2663081  0.9281 0.3536682          
                idRhodeIsland                 0.0897760  0.5370074  0.1672 0.8672799          
                idSouthCarolina              -0.3601558  0.1481146 -2.4316 0.0152917 *        
                idTennessee                  -0.8070995  0.0856527 -9.4229 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                      -0.2395452  0.4301886 -0.5568 0.5778232          
                idUtah                       -0.4038983  0.2885975 -1.3995 0.1621168          
                idVirginia                   -0.1407643  0.1351383 -1.0416 0.2979559          
                idWashington                  0.2370515  0.1992047  1.1900 0.2344696          
                idWisconsin                  -0.0397203  0.2207459 -0.1799 0.8572563          
                time2000                     14.0862371  8.1920035  1.7195 0.0859805 .        
                time2001                     14.1361611  8.1941073  1.7252 0.0849567 .        
                time2002                     14.2910740  8.1967697  1.7435 0.0817021 .        
                time2003                     14.2892532  8.1976492  1.7431 0.0817736 .        
                time2004                     14.3585813  8.2020321  1.7506 0.0804676 .        
                time2005                     14.5641863  8.2065259  1.7747 0.0763974 .        
                time2006                     14.7453900  8.2103794  1.7959 0.0729510 .        
                time2007                     14.8345805  8.2102761  1.8068 0.0712345 .        
                time2008                     14.9372590  8.2074439  1.8200 0.0692078 .        
                time2009                     15.0864956  8.2049439  1.8387 0.0663979 .        
                time2010                     15.1148519  8.2085538  1.8414 0.0660090 .        
                time2011                     15.1005824  8.2100475  1.8393 0.0663136 .        
                time2012                     15.0335212  8.2142125  1.8302 0.0676639 .        
                time2013                     14.9971350  8.2090104  1.8269 0.0681552 .        
                time2014                     14.6902233  8.2104145  1.7892 0.0740286 .        
                time2015                     14.7502888  8.2157811  1.7954 0.0730441 .        
                time2016                     14.6245190  8.2182310  1.7795 0.0756048 .        
                time2017                     14.6158084  8.2183502  1.7784 0.0757830 .        
                time2018                     14.6644483  8.2181756  1.7844 0.0748097 .        
                time2019                     14.5181698  8.2179961  1.7666 0.0777425 .        
                time2020                     13.5574971  8.2200364  1.6493 0.0995474 .        
                iis105                       -0.7470096  0.2733362 -2.7329 0.0064419 **       
                iis110                       -0.9420704  0.2701878 -3.4867 0.0005207 ***      
                iis114                       -0.7834633  0.2917471 -2.6854 0.0074221 **       
                iis259                       -1.1340127  0.2589581 -4.3791 1.381e-05 ***      
                iis359                       -1.0122685  0.2594416 -3.9017 0.0001051 ***      
                iis397                       -0.7091421  0.2683711 -2.6424 0.0084234 **       
                iis549                        1.1053306  0.2601665  4.2486 2.454e-05 ***      
                iis550                        0.8161732  0.2606722  3.1310 0.0018172 **       
                iis631                       -0.8225512  0.2591745 -3.1737 0.0015734 **       
                iis634                       -0.8965576  0.2593782 -3.4566 0.0005815 ***      
                iis692                       -0.8295480  0.2628971 -3.1554 0.0016741 **       
                iis695                       -0.9289610  0.2592154 -3.5837 0.0003631 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.5653974  0.1143400 -4.9449 9.629e-07 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.7833498  0.1284882 -6.0967 1.823e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.6073745  0.1767351 -3.4366 0.0006252 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012  0.8621989  0.1719290  5.0149 6.794e-07 ***      
                fesisNevada.2010             -0.6292925  0.1299019 -4.8444 1.577e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              0.7928664  0.2009028  3.9465 8.762e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2005            -0.4460577  0.1341383 -3.3254 0.0009309 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.6417837  0.1343330 -4.7776 2.179e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.7492720  0.1158514  6.4675 1.914e-10 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014           0.4483956  0.1185070  3.7837 0.0001683 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.63112  1  0.2015      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.97949  1  0.3223      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.24898      
                R-squared         0.94614      
                Log-lik.(n=756)  19.41498      

Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:52:45 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1071       
                Sample: 1 to 1071       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -173.839647   23.743146  -7.3217 5.131e-13 ***      
                lpop                      21.517909    7.857243   2.7386 0.0062828 **       
                lgdp_sq                    6.286167    0.985121   6.3811 2.717e-10 ***      
                avg_temp                  -0.024337    0.244488  -0.0995 0.9207284          
                idAlaska                  -0.970332   15.503298  -0.0626 0.9501068          
                idArizona                 18.049776    2.816097   6.4095 2.273e-10 ***      
                idArkansas                -4.108178    3.868953  -1.0618 0.2885757          
                idCalifornia             116.355891   15.438775   7.5366 1.103e-13 ***      
                idColorado                32.041465    4.878563   6.5678 8.305e-11 ***      
                idConnecticut             52.849024    5.027212  10.5126 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                14.925191   11.313677   1.3192 0.1874074          
                idDistrictofColumbia      30.392283   14.682934   2.0699 0.0387249 *        
                idFlorida                 15.792479    9.246269   1.7080 0.0879586 .        
                idGeorgia                 12.269744    5.069713   2.4202 0.0156942 *        
                idHawaii                  -0.151160    9.028967  -0.0167 0.9866462          
                idIdaho                   -8.335227    9.189451  -0.9070 0.3646089          
                idIllinois                23.800302    7.443354   3.1975 0.0014309 **       
                idIndiana                  8.207571    3.974591   2.0650 0.0391867 *        
                idIowa                     5.259738    5.129192   1.0255 0.3054053          
                idKansas                   3.605216    4.428015   0.8142 0.4157394          
                idKentucky                 0.897098    2.760316   0.3250 0.7452522          
                idLouisiana                5.549265    2.638762   2.1030 0.0357240 *        
                idMaine                   -8.378734   10.273905  -0.8155 0.4149657          
                idMaryland                15.345951    3.517506   4.3627 1.422e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts           48.932735    5.730490   8.5390 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                34.415710    6.766832   5.0859 4.388e-07 ***      
                idMinnesota               27.443237    5.864239   4.6798 3.279e-06 ***      
                idMississippi             -8.034347    3.791856  -2.1188 0.0343569 *        
                idMissouri                 6.016000    3.252983   1.8494 0.0647065 .        
                idMontana                -15.743007   12.006644  -1.3112 0.1901028          
                idNebraska                 3.009035    7.371508   0.4082 0.6832182          
                idNevada                   8.512748    5.304273   1.6049 0.1088439          
                idNewHampshire             4.654042    9.865143   0.4718 0.6371995          
                idNewJersey               26.507377    5.491436   4.8270 1.609e-06 ***      
                idNewMexico                4.489114    6.314296   0.7109 0.4772892          
                idNewYork                 66.373044   10.901539   6.0884 1.640e-09 ***      
                idNorthCarolina           23.403386    4.979711   4.6997 2.980e-06 ***      
                idNorthDakota            -17.981387   14.564243  -1.2346 0.2172683          
                idOhio                    32.489378    6.733945   4.8247 1.627e-06 ***      
                idOklahoma                 4.607253    2.689293   1.7132 0.0869976 .        
                idOregon                  15.471379    4.563059   3.3906 0.0007255 ***      
                idPennsylvania            25.783332    7.923748   3.2539 0.0011774 **       
                idRhodeIsland             -4.307630   10.558764  -0.4080 0.6833875          
                idSouthCarolina           18.465272    2.040843   9.0479 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota            -10.661499   12.717169  -0.8384 0.4020376          
                idTennessee                6.583389    3.048079   2.1598 0.0310283 *        
                idTexas                   27.719805   11.277590   2.4580 0.0141467 *        
                idUtah                     6.861015    5.393363   1.2721 0.2036341          
                idVermont                -20.331350   14.923096  -1.3624 0.1733847          
                idVirginia                18.597458    4.597487   4.0451 5.644e-05 ***      
                idWashington              26.322530    5.325946   4.9423 9.088e-07 ***      
                idWestVirginia            -9.198380    7.170438  -1.2828 0.1998610          
                idWisconsin               19.471682    5.338433   3.6475 0.0002789 ***      
                idWyoming                 -6.805647   15.457943  -0.4403 0.6598405          
                time2000                 996.202193  161.750238   6.1589 1.071e-09 ***      
                time2001                 997.029124  161.821720   6.1613 1.055e-09 ***      
                time2002                 999.114728  161.862712   6.1726 9.851e-10 ***      
                time2003                 999.904189  161.865168   6.1774 9.568e-10 ***      
                time2004                1001.624355  161.926271   6.1857 9.097e-10 ***      
                time2005                1003.921371  161.993259   6.1973 8.474e-10 ***      
                time2006                1006.491736  162.088082   6.2095 7.863e-10 ***      
                time2007                1008.352621  162.090129   6.2209 7.333e-10 ***      
                time2008                1010.286096  162.061640   6.2340 6.770e-10 ***      
                time2009                1013.397190  162.094249   6.2519 6.063e-10 ***      
                time2010                1014.383437  162.172053   6.2550 5.949e-10 ***      
                time2011                1013.492433  162.210206   6.2480 6.209e-10 ***      
                time2012                1012.406314  162.290683   6.2382 6.594e-10 ***      
                time2013                1011.833543  162.155723   6.2399 6.528e-10 ***      
                time2014                1007.790921  162.171322   6.2144 7.634e-10 ***      
                time2015                1008.558828  162.281479   6.2149 7.610e-10 ***      
                time2016                1006.729553  162.340502   6.2013 8.267e-10 ***      
                time2017                1007.475374  162.332848   6.2062 8.024e-10 ***      
                time2018                1007.450832  162.290254   6.2077 7.951e-10 ***      
                time2019                1005.870319  162.268309   6.1988 8.396e-10 ***      
                time2020                 997.170380  162.367057   6.1415 1.190e-09 ***      
                iis85                    -72.253787    9.427735  -7.6640 4.356e-14 ***      
                iis86                    -46.745558    9.425537  -4.9595 8.340e-07 ***      
                iis87                    -54.388869    9.418837  -5.7745 1.038e-08 ***      
                iis88                    -53.507737    9.418476  -5.6811 1.767e-08 ***      
                iis89                    -24.778486    9.406539  -2.6342 0.0085682 **       
                iis92                     39.502726    7.457722   5.2969 1.457e-07 ***      
                iis93                     87.056601    7.450347  11.6849 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis94                    119.945499    7.460277  16.0779 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis95                     87.646053    7.469076  11.7345 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis96                     77.532533    7.474198  10.3734 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis97                     64.259629    7.461188   8.6125 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis98                     57.109061    7.437206   7.6788 3.905e-14 ***      
                iis105                  -140.895202    7.680583 -18.3443 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis450                    28.386999    7.109274   3.9930 7.017e-05 ***      
                iis693                   -34.933368    7.438931  -4.6960 3.034e-06 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2006      79.794177    7.492126  10.6504 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2017     -41.262296    5.166510  -7.9865 3.906e-15 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2013    -19.784585    3.033061  -6.5230 1.107e-10 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   32.722215    3.738906   8.7518 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -26.994156    3.575324  -7.5501 9.999e-14 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016        -19.707860    3.840399  -5.1317 3.466e-07 ***      
                fesisNorthDakota.2012     18.916494    3.823981   4.9468 8.886e-07 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2007    29.265085    3.584766   8.1637 1.001e-15 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2014   -29.756674    3.577567  -8.3176 3.010e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   192.37  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 111.12  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.58252      
                R-squared            0.96801      
                Log-lik.(n=1071) -3488.39465      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:50:02 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 945       
                Sample: 1 to 945       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -176.245763   30.023060  -5.8703 6.229e-09 ***      
                lpop                      18.116729    8.734277   2.0742 0.0383599 *        
                lgdp_sq                    6.567803    1.207662   5.4384 7.027e-08 ***      
                avg_temp                   0.028904    0.296768   0.0974 0.9224359          
                idArizona                 17.444948    3.078434   5.6668 1.991e-08 ***      
                idArkansas                -3.307541    4.274947  -0.7737 0.4393212          
                idCalifornia              99.300329   16.144536   6.1507 1.186e-09 ***      
                idColorado                31.290625    5.808351   5.3872 9.268e-08 ***      
                idConnecticut             53.195957    5.995201   8.8731 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                14.189516   12.479999   1.1370 0.2558664          
                idDistrictofColumbia      26.163534   16.177090   1.6173 0.1061798          
                idFlorida                 12.941193   10.162383   1.2734 0.2032094          
                idGeorgia                 10.370166    5.585725   1.8565 0.0637209 .        
                idHawaii                  -1.114160   10.200826  -0.1092 0.9130517          
                idIdaho                   -6.404263   10.479041  -0.6111 0.5412636          
                idIllinois                21.277042    8.389608   2.5361 0.0113867 *        
                idIndiana                  7.644021    4.614610   1.6565 0.0979928 .        
                idIowa                     5.439245    5.878849   0.9252 0.3551124          
                idKansas                   3.598232    4.910195   0.7328 0.4638771          
                idKentucky                 1.216223    3.093844   0.3931 0.6943362          
                idLouisiana                4.230347    2.912946   1.4523 0.1467986          
                idMaine                   -6.572551   11.687704  -0.5623 0.5740274          
                idMaryland                13.948987    4.049181   3.4449 0.0005992 ***      
                idMassachusetts           47.550068    6.650564   7.1498 1.872e-12 ***      
                idMichigan                33.893945    7.862469   4.3109 1.816e-05 ***      
                idMinnesota               26.879681    7.037513   3.8195 0.0001434 ***      
                idMissouri                 5.520238    3.722717   1.4829 0.1384840          
                idNebraska                 3.202723    8.228396   0.3892 0.6972048          
                idNevada                   8.617502    5.960507   1.4458 0.1486109          
                idNewHampshire             5.501707   11.093651   0.4959 0.6200698          
                idNewJersey               24.277686    6.262642   3.8766 0.0001141 ***      
                idNewMexico                5.295652    7.034449   0.7528 0.4517682          
                idNewYork                 62.510466   12.322888   5.0727 4.816e-07 ***      
                idNorthCarolina           21.914654    5.527497   3.9647 7.967e-05 ***      
                idOhio                    30.982222    7.626853   4.0623 5.309e-05 ***      
                idOklahoma                 4.484921    2.904775   1.5440 0.1229643          
                idOregon                  15.872247    5.333027   2.9762 0.0030009 **       
                idPennsylvania            24.509509    8.970553   2.7322 0.0064213 **       
                idRhodeIsland             -3.476829   11.807692  -0.2945 0.7684824          
                idSouthCarolina           18.513014    2.148837   8.6154 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota             -9.560757   14.303676  -0.6684 0.5040516          
                idTennessee                5.935001    3.402551   1.7443 0.0814714 .        
                idTexas                   23.361043   12.403163   1.8835 0.0599769 .        
                idUtah                     7.390288    6.123544   1.2069 0.2278197          
                idVermont                -18.752460   16.917865  -1.1084 0.2679845          
                idVirginia                16.835190    5.213069   3.2294 0.0012880 **       
                idWashington              24.899126    6.290693   3.9581 8.186e-05 ***      
                idWisconsin               19.391395    6.384449   3.0373 0.0024600 **       
                time2000                1009.453997  201.138589   5.0187 6.336e-07 ***      
                time2001                1010.257627  201.215443   5.0208 6.270e-07 ***      
                time2002                1012.336087  201.265995   5.0298 5.989e-07 ***      
                time2003                1013.021879  201.273853   5.0331 5.892e-07 ***      
                time2004                1014.496399  201.365993   5.0381 5.744e-07 ***      
                time2005                1017.343857  201.443131   5.0503 5.399e-07 ***      
                time2006                1019.226989  201.538420   5.0572 5.211e-07 ***      
                time2007                1021.490519  201.532558   5.0686 4.918e-07 ***      
                time2008                1023.657887  201.495465   5.0803 4.633e-07 ***      
                time2009                1027.680389  201.503218   5.1001 4.187e-07 ***      
                time2010                1028.634508  201.598640   5.1024 4.138e-07 ***      
                time2011                1027.409707  201.639036   5.0953 4.291e-07 ***      
                time2012                1026.362665  201.756809   5.0871 4.474e-07 ***      
                time2013                1025.479998  201.596034   5.0868 4.481e-07 ***      
                time2014                1020.772292  201.614653   5.0630 5.061e-07 ***      
                time2015                1021.488828  201.748433   5.0632 5.056e-07 ***      
                time2016                1019.542754  201.837322   5.0513 5.371e-07 ***      
                time2017                1020.242817  201.830977   5.0549 5.272e-07 ***      
                time2018                1020.088057  201.795201   5.0551 5.269e-07 ***      
                time2019                1018.257492  201.780724   5.0464 5.507e-07 ***      
                time2020                1008.574903  201.879804   4.9959 7.107e-07 ***      
                iis64                    -59.526300    8.604792  -6.9178 9.015e-12 ***      
                iis65                    -33.949075    8.602693  -3.9463 8.590e-05 ***      
                iis66                    -41.631132    8.595267  -4.8435 1.515e-06 ***      
                iis67                    -40.860067    8.593718  -4.7546 2.334e-06 ***      
                iis70                     51.998691    8.295222   6.2685 5.788e-10 ***      
                iis71                     81.474089    8.260623   9.8629 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                    128.769510    8.250107  15.6082 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis73                    160.973783    8.282680  19.4350 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis74                    128.681744    8.270569  15.5590 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis75                    118.868247    8.266610  14.3793 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis76                    105.335659    8.236705  12.7886 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis77                     98.354302    8.198176  11.9971 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis78                     40.345982    8.229411   4.9027 1.132e-06 ***      
                iis79                     37.454179    8.133418   4.6050 4.755e-06 ***      
                iis80                     37.269735    8.110122   4.5955 4.971e-06 ***      
                iis84                   -139.811622    8.093878 -17.2738 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis429                    28.802590    7.491680   3.8446 0.0001297 ***      
                iis630                   -33.606848    7.839566  -4.2868 2.020e-05 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2006      49.817883    6.750533   7.3798 3.770e-13 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009    -16.283117    3.142962  -5.1808 2.760e-07 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   31.571813    3.944811   8.0034 3.956e-15 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -26.363943    3.766785  -6.9991 5.224e-12 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016        -19.893782    4.059625  -4.9004 1.145e-06 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2007    28.126915    3.780081   7.4408 2.448e-13 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2014   -28.952330    3.770858  -7.6779 4.436e-14 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   170.229  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  92.886  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.92679      
                R-squared            0.96778      
                Log-lik.(n=945)  -3122.84625      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:53:45 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 756       
                Sample: 1 to 756       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -216.247104   42.958122 -5.0339 6.168e-07 ***      
                lpop                      19.583986   10.632157  1.8420 0.0659185 .        
                lgdp_sq                    8.364344    1.662096  5.0324 6.214e-07 ***      
                avg_temp                   0.034432    0.380949  0.0904 0.9280077          
                idCalifornia              19.993621   16.756476  1.1932 0.2332138          
                idColorado                14.055231    6.524758  2.1541 0.0315816 *        
                idConnecticut             27.924275    7.224886  3.8650 0.0001218 ***      
                idDelaware                 2.992999   16.496765  0.1814 0.8560848          
                idDistrictofColumbia      15.141215   20.823727  0.7271 0.4674077          
                idFlorida                -13.740507   10.291483 -1.3351 0.1822813          
                idGeorgia                -10.830084    4.559568 -2.3752 0.0178149 *        
                idIdaho                  -18.389541   14.187966 -1.2961 0.1953701          
                idIllinois                -3.599542    7.708469 -0.4670 0.6406792          
                idIndiana                -10.335221    4.170384 -2.4782 0.0134459 *        
                idIowa                    -8.640046    8.000906 -1.0799 0.2805786          
                idKentucky               -13.834928    4.439867 -3.1161 0.0019103 **       
                idMaryland                -4.220224    3.752633 -1.1246 0.2611557          
                idMassachusetts           28.417443    6.615991  4.2953 2.000e-05 ***      
                idMichigan                13.054917    7.613061  1.7148 0.0868386 .        
                idMinnesota                9.350277    7.969998  1.1732 0.2411345          
                idMissouri               -11.790920    3.346899 -3.5229 0.0004555 ***      
                idNevada                  -4.902517    8.421239 -0.5822 0.5606521          
                idNewHampshire            -6.184032   14.751104 -0.4192 0.6751847          
                idNewJersey                2.429452    5.370686  0.4524 0.6511588          
                idNewMexico               -7.153517   10.193738 -0.7018 0.4830725          
                idNewYork                 31.294220   12.664106  2.4711 0.0137150 *        
                idNorthCarolina            1.077195    4.262329  0.2527 0.8005578          
                idOhio                     8.266134    6.830433  1.2102 0.2266277          
                idOklahoma               -10.214122    4.932818 -2.0706 0.0387703 *        
                idOregon                   1.037286    6.923229  0.1498 0.8809458          
                idPennsylvania             9.734839    7.963979  1.2224 0.2219974          
                idRhodeIsland            -15.032843   15.798444 -0.9515 0.3416702          
                idSouthCarolina            3.233538    3.767995  0.8582 0.3911086          
                idTennessee              -11.695954    2.643624 -4.4242 1.128e-05 ***      
                idTexas                   -8.738287   12.877966 -0.6785 0.4976577          
                idUtah                    -6.110504    8.558438 -0.7140 0.4754892          
                idVirginia                -3.592369    4.134330 -0.8689 0.3852033          
                idWashington               5.293991    6.239624  0.8484 0.3964889          
                idWisconsin                2.181029    7.050425  0.3093 0.7571526          
                time2000                1232.598503  274.171776  4.4957 8.156e-06 ***      
                time2001                1234.033651  274.243906  4.4998 8.006e-06 ***      
                time2002                1236.243403  274.287648  4.5071 7.742e-06 ***      
                time2003                1236.589003  274.301765  4.5081 7.706e-06 ***      
                time2004                1237.957172  274.440635  4.5108 7.611e-06 ***      
                time2005                1240.824962  274.536289  4.5197 7.308e-06 ***      
                time2006                1243.185479  274.652744  4.5264 7.088e-06 ***      
                time2007                1246.160557  274.638491  4.5375 6.736e-06 ***      
                time2008                1249.694646  274.571860  4.5514 6.316e-06 ***      
                time2009                1253.304110  274.516457  4.5655 5.919e-06 ***      
                time2010                1254.512167  274.617979  4.5682 5.845e-06 ***      
                time2011                1252.714063  274.656854  4.5610 6.043e-06 ***      
                time2012                1251.138202  274.780565  4.5532 6.264e-06 ***      
                time2013                1250.377398  274.608732  4.5533 6.262e-06 ***      
                time2014                1243.615806  274.640358  4.5282 7.030e-06 ***      
                time2015                1244.291119  274.796560  4.5280 7.034e-06 ***      
                time2016                1241.520577  274.891529  4.5164 7.420e-06 ***      
                time2017                1242.290298  274.884963  4.5193 7.322e-06 ***      
                time2018                1241.921007  274.873297  4.5182 7.360e-06 ***      
                time2019                1240.093098  274.884579  4.5113 7.594e-06 ***      
                time2020                1227.411738  274.935795  4.4644 9.407e-06 ***      
                iis28                    100.612783    9.765961 10.3024 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                    129.132424    9.762842 13.2269 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                    174.925060    9.773509 17.8979 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                    207.926195    9.763127 21.2971 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                    175.127387    9.774532 17.9167 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                    165.710711    9.790832 16.9251 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                    152.393512    9.793784 15.5602 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                    144.897910    9.810544 14.7696 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                     88.486067    9.928841  8.9120 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37                     85.071034    9.888552  8.6030 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38                     85.329641    9.925956  8.5966 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39                     55.624117    9.999951  5.5624 3.833e-08 ***      
                iis40                     55.260398   10.078856  5.4828 5.914e-08 ***      
                iis41                     30.286697   10.146669  2.9849 0.0029390 **       
                iis42                    -89.847726   10.118910 -8.8792 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2004      43.010895    6.922703  6.2130 9.078e-10 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   32.721066    4.357914  7.5084 1.894e-13 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -27.578095    4.142594 -6.6572 5.771e-11 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016        -25.507251    4.237154 -6.0199 2.860e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   128.621  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  55.077  1 1.159e-13 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     7.84514      
                R-squared            0.96464      
                Log-lik.(n=756)  -2590.49766      

AR1

Ihs Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:14:04 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.019074   0.028916   0.6596 0.5096505          
                lgdp                          50.380694   3.690418  13.6518 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -39.613917   2.273062 -17.4276 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.830075   0.220054  -8.3165 3.283e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.063897   0.089415  -0.7146 0.4750331          
                idAlaska                      -0.796288   0.174284  -4.5689 5.578e-06 ***      
                idArizona                      1.903561   0.130671  14.5676 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     0.884278   0.380006   2.3270 0.0201833 *        
                idCalifornia                   4.173524   0.170702  24.4491 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.252950   0.135064  16.6807 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.893930   0.177418  16.3113 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.757921   0.142069  12.3737 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.216523   0.172481   1.2553 0.2096762          
                idFlorida                      2.345285   0.136321  17.2042 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.655659   0.127894  12.9456 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.141390   0.122345   1.1557 0.2481241          
                idIdaho                        0.286037   0.117676   2.4307 0.0152610 *        
                idIllinois                     2.362110   0.136976  17.2447 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.197654   0.122689   9.7617 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.272706   0.117625   2.3184 0.0206469 *        
                idKansas                      -0.019323   0.117321  -0.1647 0.8692158          
                idKentucky                     0.179184   0.118953   1.5063 0.1323274          
                idLouisiana                    0.113721   0.117414   0.9685 0.3330288          
                idMaine                        0.191079   0.118895   1.6071 0.1083725          
                idMaryland                     1.535412   0.125893  12.1962 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                3.038116   0.148278  20.4893 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.572753   0.140442  18.3189 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.145976   0.134036  16.0104 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                 -1.227179   0.128317  -9.5637 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.928943   0.121591   7.6399 5.502e-14 ***      
                idMontana                     -0.617057   0.118549  -5.2051 2.397e-07 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.650784   0.145603  -4.4696 8.826e-06 ***      
                idNevada                       0.886146   0.120400   7.3600 4.111e-13 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 1.066159   0.122133   8.7295 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.236596   0.135136  16.5507 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.202397   0.122950   9.7796 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      3.261397   0.152716  21.3560 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.246451   0.135129  16.6245 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 -0.757478   0.121757  -6.2212 7.514e-10 ***      
                idOhio                         2.579687   0.140929  18.3049 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.647998   0.118829   5.4532 6.376e-08 ***      
                idOregon                       1.706828   0.128090  13.3253 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.641543   0.141661  18.6470 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.222128   0.206057   5.9310 4.273e-09 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.330287   0.167759   7.9297 6.414e-15 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.994212   0.231375  -4.2970 1.918e-05 ***      
                idTennessee                    1.035226   0.122253   8.4679 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.789460   0.143887  19.3865 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.885998   0.120517   7.3517 4.360e-13 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.061984   0.117320  -0.5283 0.5973975          
                idVirginia                     1.845607   0.129610  14.2397 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   2.137756   0.133449  16.0193 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                -0.769000   0.119275  -6.4473 1.845e-10 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.910537   0.130171  14.6771 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                     -0.441469   0.126854  -3.4801 0.0005249 ***      
                time2001                      -2.796206   0.575464  -4.8590 1.389e-06 ***      
                time2002                      -2.688232   0.533579  -5.0381 5.670e-07 ***      
                time2003                      -2.583384   0.462749  -5.5827 3.126e-08 ***      
                time2004                      -2.729814   0.329796  -8.2773 4.462e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.379763   0.253069  -9.4036 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.740122   0.203913  -8.5336 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.208997   0.177097  -6.8268 1.585e-11 ***      
                time2008                      -0.814112   0.217637  -3.7407 0.0001950 ***      
                time2009                      -0.114294   0.257257  -0.4443 0.6569458          
                time2010                      -0.065233   0.230503  -0.2830 0.7772398          
                time2011                       0.039727   0.168189   0.2362 0.8133275          
                time2012                       0.153991   0.153871   1.0008 0.3171987          
                time2013                      -0.047213   0.205264  -0.2300 0.8181352          
                time2014                      -0.206631   0.250061  -0.8263 0.4088372          
                time2015                       0.103765   0.120943   0.8580 0.3911371          
                time2016                       0.044282   0.109911   0.4029 0.6871214          
                iis17                         -1.187407   0.379672  -3.1275 0.0018193 **       
                iis75                         -1.459675   0.387977  -3.7623 0.0001791 ***      
                iis79                         -1.565092   0.388756  -4.0259 6.148e-05 ***      
                iis164                        -1.329543   0.399724  -3.3261 0.0009158 ***      
                iis168                        -1.211812   0.429861  -2.8191 0.0049207 **       
                iis235                        -1.699714   0.380613  -4.4657 8.982e-06 ***      
                iis237                        -1.575378   0.382148  -4.1224 4.092e-05 ***      
                iis238                        -1.791913   0.382284  -4.6874 3.190e-06 ***      
                iis346                        -1.469578   0.379484  -3.8726 0.0001154 ***      
                iis384                        -1.347022   0.379918  -3.5456 0.0004117 ***      
                iis481                         1.386250   0.381498   3.6337 0.0002950 ***      
                iis482                         2.027382   0.383003   5.2934 1.506e-07 ***      
                iis483                         1.780332   0.385157   4.6223 4.342e-06 ***      
                iis501                        -1.370882   0.379613  -3.6113 0.0003214 ***      
                iis548                        -1.111002   0.389964  -2.8490 0.0044848 **       
                iis687                        -1.197759   0.380949  -3.1441 0.0017198 **       
                iis829                         1.027913   0.386266   2.6612 0.0079245 **       
                iis839                        -1.628325   0.386425  -4.2138 2.761e-05 ***      
                iis843                        -1.246098   0.379553  -3.2831 0.0010660 **       
                iis1002                        1.203170   0.382050   3.1492 0.0016903 **       
                fesisAlaska.2007              -1.188477   0.207581  -5.7254 1.401e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014               0.768037   0.198037   3.8783 0.0001128 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2002            -1.556412   0.413664  -3.7625 0.0001790 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.865953   0.282690  -3.0633 0.0022539 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009             1.518966   0.243887   6.2282 7.202e-10 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.605754   0.169841  -3.5666 0.0003805 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.827115   0.183714  -4.5022 7.598e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020            -1.195272   0.399563  -2.9914 0.0028515 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -0.680644   0.262891  -2.5891 0.0097770 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.980313   0.250622   3.9115 9.854e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2020          1.526418   0.381401   4.0021 6.788e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.774605   0.172102   4.5008 7.646e-06 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.896023   0.208246  -4.3027 1.870e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.823653   0.175107   4.7037 2.951e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2004          1.689649   0.427221   3.9550 8.249e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2005         -1.835290   0.427249  -4.2956 1.930e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.198002   0.241569   4.9592 8.442e-07 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017             -0.963831   0.235794  -4.0876 4.744e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020              1.948370   0.427297   4.5598 5.821e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.082864  1 0.773454         
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 7.193671  1 0.007316 **      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.36611      
                R-squared           0.94128      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -367.40855      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:18:10 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.0239121   0.0298801   0.8003 0.4237944          
                lgdp                          57.5247978   3.5671729  16.1262 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -44.4666086   2.1589340 -20.5966 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -2.1215720   0.2134996  -9.9371 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.1026811   0.0860950  -1.1926 0.2333630          
                idArizona                      1.8915866   0.1213102  15.5930 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     0.8874350   0.3431175   2.5864 0.0098757 **       
                idCalifornia                   4.1504309   0.1661113  24.9858 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.2394061   0.1263399  17.7252 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.9009937   0.1663522  17.4389 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.7540564   0.1310689  13.3827 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.0047333   0.1346482   0.0352 0.9719663          
                idFlorida                      2.3313228   0.1277725  18.2459 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.6447919   0.1181096  13.9260 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.3955794   0.1399975   2.8256 0.0048374 **       
                idIdaho                        0.3393721   0.1075880   3.1544 0.0016691 **       
                idIllinois                     2.3479342   0.1285188  18.2692 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.1892996   0.1120650  10.6126 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.2144950   0.1076127   1.9932 0.0465800 *        
                idKansas                      -0.0828311   0.1071419  -0.7731 0.4396948          
                idKentucky                     0.1728113   0.1072665   1.6110 0.1075672          
                idLouisiana                    0.2278078   0.1298206   1.7548 0.0796810 .        
                idMaine                        0.2464072   0.1086861   2.2671 0.0236495 *        
                idMaryland                     1.5254242   0.1157932  13.1737 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                3.0205980   0.1412721  21.3814 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.5574895   0.1324511  19.3089 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.1327833   0.1251668  17.0395 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.9222261   0.1103449   8.3577 2.849e-16 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.5349447   0.1365041  -3.9189 9.663e-05 ***      
                idNevada                       1.0891394   0.1306414   8.3369 3.349e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 1.0581315   0.1114150   9.4972 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.2230276   0.1264224  17.5841 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.1938957   0.1123691  10.6248 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      3.2426927   0.1462315  22.1751 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.2328855   0.1264147  17.6632 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         2.5642760   0.1330015  19.2801 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.6424913   0.1075377   5.9746 3.481e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       2.3947247   0.2183618  10.9668 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.6259120   0.1338285  19.6215 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.2362702   0.1871178   6.6069 7.189e-11 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.3444735   0.1530199   8.7863 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -1.0421200   0.1573426  -6.6233 6.474e-11 ***      
                idTennessee                    1.0254099   0.1111381   9.2265 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.7731753   0.1363394  20.3402 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.8790363   0.1095217   8.0261 3.613e-15 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.0643018   0.1057608  -0.6080 0.5433662          
                idVirginia                     1.8340424   0.1200894  15.2723 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   2.1247684   0.1244956  17.0670 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.8987535   0.1207349  15.7266 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      -3.3189900   0.5576481  -5.9518 3.978e-09 ***      
                time2002                      -3.1919395   0.5168288  -6.1760 1.049e-09 ***      
                time2003                      -3.1382404   0.4486038  -6.9956 5.616e-12 ***      
                time2004                      -3.2123947   0.3199340 -10.0408 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.7662973   0.2450167 -11.2902 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -2.1273944   0.1971674 -10.7898 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.5270887   0.1710328  -8.9286 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -1.1272774   0.2107159  -5.3497 1.153e-07 ***      
                time2009                      -0.3812735   0.2487736  -1.5326 0.1257697          
                time2010                      -0.2670732   0.2229371  -1.1980 0.2312840          
                time2011                      -0.1273744   0.1625702  -0.7835 0.4335651          
                time2012                       0.0845766   0.1484669   0.5697 0.5690651          
                time2013                      -0.1762375   0.1978779  -0.8906 0.3733934          
                time2014                      -0.3691200   0.2409702  -1.5318 0.1259682          
                time2015                       0.0400579   0.1164811   0.3439 0.7310120          
                time2016                       0.0455975   0.1057538   0.4312 0.6664644          
                iis17                         -1.2362128   0.3427541  -3.6067 0.0003295 ***      
                iis46                         -1.6649063   0.3512129  -4.7404 2.527e-06 ***      
                iis47                         -1.3509427   0.3519723  -3.8382 0.0001338 ***      
                iis48                         -1.3512831   0.3512410  -3.8472 0.0001291 ***      
                iis55                         -1.4618643   0.3502738  -4.1735 3.331e-05 ***      
                iis59                         -1.5520531   0.3511068  -4.4205 1.122e-05 ***      
                iis144                        -1.0982291   0.3527255  -3.1136 0.0019148 **       
                iis148                        -1.6590430   0.3535382  -4.6927 3.175e-06 ***      
                iis215                        -1.9411198   0.3864023  -5.0236 6.268e-07 ***      
                iis217                        -1.8492782   0.3905291  -4.7353 2.590e-06 ***      
                iis218                        -2.0598399   0.3856125  -5.3417 1.203e-07 ***      
                iis221                        -1.1442567   0.3428108  -3.3379 0.0008836 ***      
                iis282                         1.0889152   0.3435973   3.1692 0.0015874 **       
                iis326                        -1.4050621   0.3426257  -4.1009 4.540e-05 ***      
                iis364                        -1.3794284   0.3434210  -4.0167 6.462e-05 ***      
                iis370                        -1.1294709   0.3433423  -3.2896 0.0010474 **       
                iis461                        -1.3692432   0.3427407  -3.9950 7.071e-05 ***      
                iis488                        -1.2044179   0.3544529  -3.3980 0.0007127 ***      
                iis490                        -0.9784457   0.3520484  -2.7793 0.0055765 **       
                iis744                         1.7624148   0.3607183   4.8858 1.246e-06 ***      
                iis749                         0.9638154   0.3518808   2.7390 0.0063000 **       
                iis763                        -1.1922663   0.3425717  -3.4803 0.0005281 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2002            -1.5447839   0.3734334  -4.1367 3.899e-05 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006             0.6207334   0.1978040   3.1381 0.0017632 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.6427252   0.1538459  -4.1777 3.271e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -1.0152696   0.1583442  -6.4118 2.467e-10 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.4853782   0.1599014   3.0355 0.0024799 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.6901935   0.1807016  -3.8195 0.0001441 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2015               0.6578419   0.2380219   2.7638 0.0058458 **       
                fesisKansas.2020               1.2247968   0.3427241   3.5737 0.0003732 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.8506458   0.1990747  -4.2730 2.163e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            1.0270015   0.2168880   4.7352 2.592e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.6350739   0.1597602   3.9752 7.674e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.7161137   0.1626418  -4.4030 1.214e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               1.1238210   0.2678528   4.1957 3.028e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.8221716   0.2102190  -3.9110 9.977e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.8329253   0.1910162  -4.3605 1.468e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2019         -0.6991780   0.2529237  -2.7644 0.0058352 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.7839174   0.1583766   4.9497 9.080e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.1853834   0.1782223   6.6512 5.412e-11 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018         -0.9552586   0.2232071  -4.2797 2.100e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.055732  1  0.8134      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.949523  1  0.1626      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.33003      
                R-squared           0.94252      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -226.32598      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:17:53 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           6.7582e-02  3.2905e-02   2.0538 0.0403961 *        
                lgdp                         -1.1582e+02  1.8532e+01  -6.2495 7.509e-10 ***      
                lpop                          1.0886e+02  1.4519e+01   7.4980 2.166e-13 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       2.9932e+00  6.2166e-01   4.8148 1.840e-06 ***      
                avg_temp                      3.7837e-01  1.0847e-01   3.4883 0.0005194 ***      
                idCalifornia                  2.1585e+00  1.1394e-01  18.9433 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    3.3366e-01  8.5896e-02   3.8844 0.0001132 ***      
                idConnecticut                 9.4782e-01  1.1834e-01   8.0092 5.454e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                   -1.3677e-01  9.6478e-02  -1.4177 0.1567746          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -1.5768e+00  1.4406e-01 -10.9458 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                     4.2179e-01  8.6296e-02   4.8877 1.290e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                    -2.3680e-01  8.5563e-02  -2.7675 0.0058120 **       
                idIdaho                      -1.4756e+00  1.0221e-01 -14.4366 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                    4.3647e-01  8.6536e-02   5.0438 5.948e-07 ***      
                idIndiana                    -6.6960e-01  8.8718e-02  -7.5476 1.529e-13 ***      
                idIowa                       -2.4516e+00  2.8797e-01  -8.5134 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.5807e+00  1.0645e-01 -14.8484 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -3.4822e-01  8.6296e-02  -4.0352 6.114e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts               1.0790e+00  9.3199e-02  11.5770 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    6.3621e-01  8.8118e-02   7.2200 1.478e-12 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.3020e-01  8.5633e-02   2.6883 0.0073691 **       
                idMissouri                   -9.1703e-01  9.3712e-02  -9.7856 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                     -7.7830e-01  1.0483e-01  -7.4247 3.615e-13 ***      
                idNewHampshire               -7.9783e-01  8.9359e-02  -8.9283 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                   3.1706e-01  8.5917e-02   3.6903 0.0002431 ***      
                idNewMexico                  -6.6634e-01  8.8445e-02  -7.5339 1.683e-13 ***      
                idNewYork                     1.2904e+00  9.6745e-02  13.3377 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               3.2694e-01  8.5915e-02   3.8053 0.0001552 ***      
                idOhio                        6.4167e-01  8.8378e-02   7.2604 1.121e-12 ***      
                idOklahoma                   -1.1907e+00  9.5917e-02 -12.4140 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                      4.3654e-01  1.6921e-01   2.5798 0.0101061 *        
                idPennsylvania                7.0132e-01  8.8785e-02   7.8991 1.225e-14 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                -5.6459e-01  1.7129e-01  -3.2961 0.0010344 **       
                idSouthCarolina              -5.4446e-01  1.2071e-01  -4.5106 7.690e-06 ***      
                idTennessee                  -8.2337e-01  9.2375e-02  -8.9134 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                       8.4268e-01  9.0132e-02   9.3495 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                       -9.1510e-01  9.2957e-02  -9.8442 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                    3.8397e-03  8.6415e-02   0.0444 0.9645731          
                idWashington                  2.2403e-01  8.5509e-02   2.6200 0.0090011 **       
                idWisconsin                   8.8965e-03  8.5241e-02   0.1044 0.9169088          
                time2001                      1.7157e+01  3.3272e+00   5.1565 3.356e-07 ***      
                time2002                      1.6224e+01  3.1066e+00   5.2223 2.392e-07 ***      
                time2003                      1.6145e+01  2.9175e+00   5.5338 4.572e-08 ***      
                time2004                      1.5827e+01  2.8433e+00   5.5663 3.827e-08 ***      
                time2005                      1.5146e+01  2.5166e+00   6.0186 2.961e-09 ***      
                time2006                      1.3663e+01  2.1861e+00   6.2496 7.504e-10 ***      
                time2007                      1.2408e+01  1.8998e+00   6.5310 1.331e-10 ***      
                time2008                      1.0580e+01  1.7198e+00   6.1517 1.350e-09 ***      
                time2009                      5.9239e+00  1.2668e+00   4.6763 3.564e-06 ***      
                time2010                      5.5441e+00  1.2297e+00   4.5086 7.759e-06 ***      
                time2011                      5.3350e+00  1.1579e+00   4.6073 4.923e-06 ***      
                time2012                      4.0598e+00  8.4154e-01   4.8242 1.758e-06 ***      
                time2013                      3.6668e+00  8.7296e-01   4.2005 3.041e-05 ***      
                time2014                      1.5855e+00  5.0970e-01   3.1107 0.0019493 **       
                time2015                      1.0528e+00  4.0008e-01   2.6315 0.0087045 **       
                time2016                      2.2733e-01  2.1479e-01   1.0584 0.2902919          
                iis104                       -1.4019e+00  2.9568e-01  -4.7414 2.617e-06 ***      
                iis108                       -1.0502e+00  3.4029e-01  -3.0861 0.0021155 **       
                iis161                       -1.2150e+00  2.8124e-01  -4.3200 1.808e-05 ***      
                iis222                        9.8110e-01  2.8238e-01   3.4744 0.0005465 ***      
                iis241                       -1.0588e+00  2.8172e-01  -3.7583 0.0001867 ***      
                iis246                       -1.5146e+00  2.8091e-01  -5.3919 9.816e-08 ***      
                iis341                       -1.4518e+00  2.8111e-01  -5.1647 3.219e-07 ***      
                iis378                       -8.3898e-01  2.9547e-01  -2.8395 0.0046615 **       
                iis603                       -1.1727e+00  2.8062e-01  -4.1789 3.336e-05 ***      
                iis659                       -1.0439e+00  2.8064e-01  -3.7199 0.0002168 ***      
                iis661                       -1.1536e+00  2.8122e-01  -4.1022 4.619e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -5.8740e-01  1.2659e-01  -4.6401 4.224e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -8.0565e-01  1.3712e-01  -5.8757 6.769e-09 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020           -1.1179e+00  2.9537e-01  -3.7847 0.0001683 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -8.4860e-01  2.2585e-01  -3.7575 0.0001873 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.0535e+00  2.1766e-01   4.8401 1.628e-06 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                8.9895e-01  2.8177e-01   3.1904 0.0014902 **       
                fesisNevada.2012             -5.3908e-01  1.4039e-01  -3.8398 0.0001353 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              9.6545e-01  2.2337e-01   4.3223 1.790e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -7.3293e-01  1.7276e-01  -4.2425 2.537e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004        -8.1414e-01  1.7413e-01  -4.6756 3.576e-06 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2019        -7.4687e-01  2.0671e-01  -3.6131 0.0003263 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       7.8447e-01  1.3079e-01   5.9978 3.342e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.70269  1  0.4019      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.29751  1  0.2547      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.26952      
                R-squared          0.94680      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  -38.14395      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:14:01 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.010941   0.026082   0.4195 0.6749635          
                lgdp                          53.327528   3.233205  16.4937 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -41.365939   1.983414 -20.8559 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.936686   0.192007 -10.0865 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.154836   0.077038  -2.0099 0.0447571 *        
                idAlaska                      -0.231492   0.258842  -0.8943 0.3713917          
                idArizona                      2.642537   0.235573  11.2175 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     1.366884   0.309439   4.4173 1.127e-05 ***      
                idCalifornia                   4.931192   0.255462  19.3030 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.994564   0.237566  12.6052 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  3.646513   0.256408  14.2215 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     2.494535   0.239815  10.4019 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.942524   0.252011   3.7400 0.0001962 ***      
                idFlorida                      3.087603   0.238145  12.9652 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      2.392773   0.234340  10.2107 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       1.104609   0.244325   4.5211 7.013e-06 ***      
                idIdaho                       -0.136241   0.377284  -0.3611 0.7181058          
                idIllinois                     3.104788   0.238449  13.0207 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.930542   0.232089   8.3181 3.471e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.098346   0.377286   0.2607 0.7944122          
                idKansas                       0.800703   0.232657   3.4416 0.0006062 ***      
                idKentucky                     0.902225   0.230447   3.9151 9.750e-05 ***      
                idLouisiana                    0.940935   0.239671   3.9259 9.329e-05 ***      
                idMaine                        0.784769   0.244350   3.2117 0.0013686 **       
                idMaryland                     2.271047   0.233466   9.7275 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                3.786413   0.243857  15.5272 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     3.317259   0.240074  13.8177 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.887000   0.237095  12.1765 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                 -0.209058   0.254126  -0.8227 0.4109323          
                idMissouri                     1.661872   0.231785   7.1699 1.615e-12 ***      
                idMontana                      0.049370   0.230955   0.2138 0.8307804          
                idNebraska                     0.862260   0.377521   2.2840 0.0226134 *        
                idNevada                       1.815742   0.239831   7.5709 9.531e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 1.798500   0.231854   7.7570 2.452e-14 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.978251   0.237599  12.5348 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.935533   0.232200   8.3356 3.027e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      4.011687   0.246064  16.3034 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.988102   0.237596  12.5764 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 -0.181824   0.258853  -0.7024 0.4826056          
                idOhio                         3.324441   0.240305  13.8343 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     1.376099   0.230477   5.9707 3.451e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       2.444079   0.234427  10.4258 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 3.386666   0.240652  14.0729 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.925693   0.268778   7.1646 1.674e-12 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                2.066010   0.250341   8.2528 5.771e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.228190   0.258900  -0.8814 0.3783567          
                idTennessee                    1.764967   0.231817   7.6136 6.996e-14 ***      
                idTexas                        3.535682   0.241718  14.6273 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         1.616545   0.231175   6.9927 5.405e-12 ***      
                idVermont                      0.737011   0.244842   3.0102 0.0026873 **       
                idVirginia                     1.496078   0.379694   3.9402 8.799e-05 ***      
                idWashington                   2.878436   0.236827  12.1541 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                 0.177580   0.236762   0.7500 0.4534370          
                idWisconsin                    2.649191   0.235350  11.2564 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                      0.352556   0.232440   1.5168 0.1296926          
                time2001                      -2.996700   0.499419  -6.0004 2.896e-09 ***      
                time2002                      -2.824583   0.463551  -6.0934 1.665e-09 ***      
                time2003                      -2.892503   0.401517  -7.2039 1.276e-12 ***      
                time2004                      -2.962454   0.286930 -10.3247 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.679745   0.220103 -12.1750 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.909146   0.178102 -10.7194 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.368130   0.154215  -8.8716 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -1.077149   0.187964  -5.7306 1.383e-08 ***      
                time2009                      -0.341627   0.222091  -1.5382 0.1243595          
                time2010                      -0.244407   0.198897  -1.2288 0.2194759          
                time2011                      -0.077996   0.145904  -0.5346 0.5930867          
                time2012                       0.137050   0.133285   1.0283 0.3041192          
                time2013                      -0.215701   0.176704  -1.2207 0.2225379          
                time2014                      -0.453714   0.214903  -2.1112 0.0350386 *        
                time2015                       0.069528   0.103976   0.6687 0.5038669          
                time2016                       0.068111   0.095061   0.7165 0.4738738          
                iis4                          -1.194503   0.321385  -3.7167 0.0002148 ***      
                iis10                         -1.241798   0.321091  -3.8674 0.0001183 ***      
                iis17                         -1.460328   0.321446  -4.5430 6.336e-06 ***      
                iis23                          0.871269   0.339974   2.5628 0.0105534 *        
                iis62                         -1.885034   0.382873  -4.9234 1.019e-06 ***      
                iis63                         -1.594420   0.380000  -4.1958 3.000e-05 ***      
                iis64                         -1.626769   0.380005  -4.2809 2.070e-05 ***      
                iis66                         -1.805881   0.328147  -5.5033 4.918e-08 ***      
                iis67                         -1.479730   0.328401  -4.5059 7.522e-06 ***      
                iis68                         -1.469739   0.327655  -4.4856 8.254e-06 ***      
                iis75                         -1.553012   0.326972  -4.7497 2.386e-06 ***      
                iis77                         -1.042545   0.327518  -3.1832 0.0015090 **       
                iis79                         -1.617845   0.327888  -4.9341 9.662e-07 ***      
                iis164                        -1.344912   0.335303  -4.0110 6.570e-05 ***      
                iis168                        -1.161611   0.360842  -3.2192 0.0013337 **       
                iis235                        -1.349813   0.328917  -4.1038 4.450e-05 ***      
                iis236                         1.262582   0.330634   3.8187 0.0001438 ***      
                iis237                        -1.215294   0.330841  -3.6733 0.0002542 ***      
                iis238                        -1.498371   0.330353  -4.5357 6.555e-06 ***      
                iis322                        -0.980052   0.319980  -3.0629 0.0022605 **       
                iis326                        -0.923241   0.319890  -2.8861 0.0039976 **       
                iis331                        -1.049045   0.319753  -3.2808 0.0010767 **       
                iis346                        -1.447706   0.318412  -4.5466 6.230e-06 ***      
                iis379                         0.825636   0.339785   2.4299 0.0153072 *        
                iis384                        -1.235789   0.329149  -3.7545 0.0001853 ***      
                iis390                        -1.291813   0.325413  -3.9698 7.794e-05 ***      
                iis481                         1.029056   0.335289   3.0692 0.0022138 **       
                iis482                         1.664551   0.335980   4.9543 8.736e-07 ***      
                iis483                         1.512428   0.337307   4.4838 8.322e-06 ***      
                iis493                        -0.677770   0.326873  -2.0735 0.0384224 *        
                iis501                        -1.429499   0.318588  -4.4870 8.203e-06 ***      
                iis531                         1.031504   0.318324   3.2404 0.0012393 **       
                iis548                        -1.406792   0.342128  -4.1119 4.300e-05 ***      
                iis550                        -1.215360   0.339931  -3.5753 0.0003693 ***      
                iis578                        -0.814970   0.335150  -2.4317 0.0152327 *        
                iis687                        -1.120162   0.325429  -3.4421 0.0006050 ***      
                iis691                        -0.982037   0.324011  -3.0309 0.0025114 **       
                iis817                         0.652858   0.322975   2.0214 0.0435482 *        
                iis824                         1.625295   0.339889   4.7818 2.042e-06 ***      
                iis826                        -0.710780   0.339918  -2.0910 0.0368175 *        
                iis829                         1.019642   0.328870   3.1004 0.0019952 **       
                iis837                         0.648232   0.329459   1.9676 0.0494386 *        
                iis839                        -1.074236   0.379904  -2.8276 0.0047978 **       
                iis843                        -1.224507   0.318358  -3.8463 0.0001287 ***      
                iis902                        -1.062725   0.329134  -3.2289 0.0012899 **       
                iis973                        -0.871061   0.336273  -2.5903 0.0097500 **       
                iis976                        -0.761556   0.334963  -2.2736 0.0232379 *        
                fesisAlabama.2003              0.999479   0.234823   4.2563 2.306e-05 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2020             -0.822472   0.322538  -2.5500 0.0109444 *        
                fesisAlaska.2007              -1.041748   0.183687  -5.6713 1.934e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014               0.769432   0.166191   4.6298 4.223e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.570626   0.242976  -2.3485 0.0190747 *        
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.619621   0.142865  -4.3371 1.614e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.835838   0.154493  -5.4102 8.161e-08 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020            -1.154875   0.335277  -3.4445 0.0005996 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -0.694550   0.220761  -3.1462 0.0017111 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.991412   0.210622   4.7071 2.927e-06 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.591271   0.155839  -3.7941 0.0001585 ***      
                fesisIdaho.2002                1.208043   0.318680   3.7908 0.0001606 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                 1.839494   0.439033   4.1899 3.079e-05 ***      
                fesisIowa.2003                -0.942205   0.319772  -2.9465 0.0033006 **       
                fesisKansas.2020               1.004970   0.320089   3.1397 0.0017491 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.829189   0.184787  -4.4873 8.192e-06 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.900718   0.209212   4.3053 1.859e-05 ***      
                fesisMaine.2010                0.343333   0.148065   2.3188 0.0206395 *        
                fesisMississippi.2010         -0.412281   0.164606  -2.5047 0.0124408 *        
                fesisMississippi.2020          1.669431   0.327217   5.1019 4.137e-07 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2002            -1.338563   0.358413  -3.7347 0.0002003 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2005             0.882262   0.226795   3.8901 0.0001079 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.455331   0.189684   2.4005 0.0165850 *        
                fesisNebraska.2018            -0.986363   0.335415  -2.9407 0.0033620 **       
                fesisNebraska.2019             1.397238   0.380204   3.6750 0.0002526 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.567551   0.158555  -3.5795 0.0003635 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.969530   0.253414   3.8259 0.0001397 ***      
                fesisNorthDakota.2006          1.122952   0.340254   3.3003 0.0010054 **       
                fesisNorthDakota.2007         -1.006774   0.324425  -3.1033 0.0019764 **       
                fesisNorthDakota.2020          0.958434   0.324278   2.9556 0.0032057 **       
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.865793   0.175075  -4.9453 9.141e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.777576   0.149219   5.2110 2.352e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.044951   0.179016   5.8372 7.512e-09 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018         -0.556060   0.245793  -2.2623 0.0239261 *        
                fesisVermont.2010              0.646835   0.210450   3.0736 0.0021817 **       
                fesisVermont.2013             -0.947193   0.210535  -4.4990 7.764e-06 ***      
                fesisVirginia.2002             1.145069   0.318663   3.5934 0.0003449 ***      
                fesisWestVirginia.2013        -0.370516   0.156497  -2.3676 0.0181260 *        
                fesisWyoming.2017             -1.048488   0.197166  -5.3178 1.339e-07 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020              1.991781   0.358521   5.5556 3.688e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.098093  1  0.7541      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.746387  1  0.1863      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.30691      
                R-squared           0.96091      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -163.50330      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:18:14 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.035553   0.026891   1.3221 0.1865362          
                lgdp                          56.730970   3.210324  17.6714 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -44.346658   1.933041 -22.9414 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -2.052466   0.193273 -10.6195 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.139002   0.078196  -1.7776 0.0758654 .        
                idArizona                      2.580602   0.224036  11.5187 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.329833   0.267340  -1.2338 0.2176695          
                idCalifornia                   4.812694   0.246007  19.5633 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.924646   0.226244  12.9270 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  3.570688   0.244897  14.5804 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     2.443175   0.227920  10.7194 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.807691   0.231566   3.4880 0.0005144 ***      
                idFlorida                      3.015556   0.226886  13.2910 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      2.336472   0.222669  10.4930 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       1.098021   0.231385   4.7454 2.481e-06 ***      
                idIdaho                        1.051135   0.218684   4.8066 1.847e-06 ***      
                idIllinois                     3.031652   0.227223  13.3422 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.887027   0.220176   8.5705 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.078082   0.357150   0.2186 0.8270000          
                idKansas                       0.779482   0.220414   3.5364 0.0004299 ***      
                idKentucky                     0.883088   0.218295   4.0454 5.752e-05 ***      
                idLouisiana                    0.932393   0.227019   4.1071 4.436e-05 ***      
                idMaine                        0.960716   0.218818   4.3905 1.290e-05 ***      
                idMaryland                     2.219221   0.221700  10.0100 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                3.696274   0.233209  15.8496 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     3.238590   0.229023  14.1409 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.818868   0.225722  12.4882 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     1.627513   0.219738   7.4066 3.417e-13 ***      
                idNebraska                     0.520605   0.267708   1.9447 0.0521791 .        
                idNevada                       1.783925   0.227507   7.8412 1.492e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 1.756644   0.219916   7.9878 5.019e-15 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.908209   0.226281  12.8522 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.891269   0.220299   8.5850 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      3.915515   0.235649  16.6159 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.918072   0.226277  12.8960 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         3.245022   0.229278  14.1532 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     1.347071   0.218400   6.1679 1.118e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       2.773221   0.299955   9.2454 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 3.306129   0.229663  14.3956 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.885696   0.254797   7.4008 3.560e-13 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                2.026349   0.237541   8.5305 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.213948   0.245251  -0.8724 0.3832838          
                idTennessee                    1.727424   0.219790   7.8594 1.304e-14 ***      
                idTexas                        3.451820   0.230843  14.9531 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         1.580115   0.219167   7.2097 1.345e-12 ***      
                idVermont                      0.290810   0.252706   1.1508 0.2501791          
                idVirginia                     1.434143   0.359960   3.9842 7.416e-05 ***      
                idWashington                   2.811345   0.225426  12.4713 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    2.588230   0.223788  11.5656 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      -3.090748   0.505646  -6.1125 1.560e-09 ***      
                time2002                      -2.978320   0.469005  -6.3503 3.676e-10 ***      
                time2003                      -3.007880   0.406096  -7.4068 3.411e-13 ***      
                time2004                      -3.094820   0.289307 -10.6974 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.785218   0.220865 -12.6105 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -2.084188   0.178317 -11.6881 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.537873   0.154608  -9.9469 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -1.172483   0.189937  -6.1730 1.084e-09 ***      
                time2009                      -0.387966   0.224859  -1.7254 0.0848621 .        
                time2010                      -0.274437   0.201618  -1.3612 0.1738580          
                time2011                      -0.116800   0.147239  -0.7933 0.4278663          
                time2012                       0.116868   0.135092   0.8651 0.3872554          
                time2013                      -0.223509   0.178808  -1.2500 0.2116819          
                time2014                      -0.430761   0.217895  -1.9769 0.0484087 *        
                time2015                       0.078426   0.105416   0.7440 0.4571215          
                time2016                       0.056193   0.096020   0.5852 0.5585678          
                iis4                          -1.213253   0.304638  -3.9826 7.464e-05 ***      
                iis10                         -1.234259   0.304336  -4.0556 5.512e-05 ***      
                iis17                         -1.496039   0.304644  -4.9108 1.109e-06 ***      
                iis41                          1.873925   0.339734   5.5159 4.745e-08 ***      
                iis46                         -1.827001   0.312590  -5.8447 7.498e-09 ***      
                iis47                         -1.438179   0.313416  -4.5887 5.208e-06 ***      
                iis48                         -1.455656   0.312693  -4.6552 3.812e-06 ***      
                iis55                         -1.624249   0.311678  -5.2113 2.412e-07 ***      
                iis59                         -1.716289   0.362690  -4.7321 2.645e-06 ***      
                iis144                        -1.244447   0.312448  -3.9829 7.455e-05 ***      
                iis148                        -1.722568   0.313013  -5.5032 5.086e-08 ***      
                iis150                        -0.796735   0.311969  -2.5539 0.0108447 *        
                iis215                        -1.380284   0.311634  -4.4292 1.083e-05 ***      
                iis216                         1.271216   0.313430   4.0558 5.506e-05 ***      
                iis217                        -1.276178   0.313827  -4.0665 5.265e-05 ***      
                iis218                        -1.491619   0.313289  -4.7612 2.301e-06 ***      
                iis221                        -1.209531   0.301964  -4.0056 6.789e-05 ***      
                iis282                         1.000436   0.303141   3.3002 0.0010106 **       
                iis302                        -0.933679   0.303172  -3.0797 0.0021459 **       
                iis306                        -0.875796   0.303067  -2.8898 0.0039638 **       
                iis311                        -1.040953   0.302792  -3.4378 0.0006179 ***      
                iis326                        -1.405463   0.301672  -4.6589 3.746e-06 ***      
                iis359                         0.801648   0.321976   2.4898 0.0129928 *        
                iis364                        -1.428824   0.302406  -4.7248 2.738e-06 ***      
                iis370                        -1.142772   0.302322  -3.7800 0.0001690 ***      
                iis461                        -1.437686   0.301894  -4.7622 2.289e-06 ***      
                iis482                        -0.904123   0.340274  -2.6570 0.0080466 **       
                iis483                        -1.059623   0.339495  -3.1212 0.0018688 **       
                iis484                        -0.988871   0.339913  -2.9092 0.0037284 **       
                iis488                        -1.423566   0.319330  -4.4580 9.507e-06 ***      
                iis490                        -1.224156   0.317525  -3.8553 0.0001253 ***      
                iis498                        -1.472905   0.328708  -4.4809 8.565e-06 ***      
                iis518                        -0.823257   0.317570  -2.5924 0.0097131 **       
                iis662                         0.780000   0.360487   2.1637 0.0307921 *        
                iis737                         0.626846   0.306063   2.0481 0.0408903 *        
                iis744                         1.603813   0.322105   4.9792 7.890e-07 ***      
                iis746                        -0.684960   0.322043  -2.1269 0.0337450 *        
                iis757                         0.880462   0.312083   2.8212 0.0049073 **       
                iis759                        -1.405348   0.311915  -4.5055 7.651e-06 ***      
                iis763                        -1.218805   0.301562  -4.0416 5.843e-05 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2003              0.985186   0.222516   4.4275 1.092e-05 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2020             -0.786869   0.305526  -2.5755 0.0101968 *        
                fesisArkansas.2005             1.160586   0.199239   5.8251 8.392e-09 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2017            -1.121135   0.312210  -3.5910 0.0003504 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2018             1.128268   0.361973   3.1170 0.0018951 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.623134   0.135533  -4.5976 4.995e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -1.001681   0.139468  -7.1821 1.624e-12 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.392594   0.144864   2.7101 0.0068766 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.590368   0.147731  -3.9962 7.056e-05 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                 0.894321   0.302473   2.9567 0.0032048 **       
                fesisKansas.2020               1.076374   0.303063   3.5516 0.0004062 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.833478   0.175367  -4.7528 2.395e-06 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.883772   0.198435   4.4537 9.693e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2007             0.685191   0.339373   2.0190 0.0438352 *        
                fesisNebraska.2008            -0.780235   0.317588  -2.4568 0.0142400 *        
                fesisNebraska.2016             0.875174   0.191442   4.5715 5.643e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.583470   0.150421  -3.8789 0.0001139 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               1.003552   0.240051   4.1806 3.242e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.499833   0.221254  -2.2591 0.0241574 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.762386   0.168332  -4.5291 6.866e-06 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2019         -0.706919   0.222586  -3.1759 0.0015533 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.747916   0.141439   5.2879 1.614e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.649704   0.216204   7.6303 6.945e-14 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.882646   0.199057  -4.4341 1.059e-05 ***      
                fesisVermont.2005              0.767726   0.180945   4.2429 2.476e-05 ***      
                fesisVermont.2013             -0.642603   0.147588  -4.3540 1.518e-05 ***      
                fesisVirginia.2002             1.147265   0.301948   3.7995 0.0001564 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                      Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.00097541  1  0.9751      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.00161584  1  0.9679      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.29040      
                R-squared          0.95696      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -98.19093      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:17:53 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           9.2476e-02  3.1762e-02   2.9116 0.0037243 **       
                lgdp                         -1.1896e+02  1.7681e+01  -6.7282 3.883e-11 ***      
                lpop                          1.1152e+02  1.3836e+01   8.0601 3.875e-15 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       3.0853e+00  5.9405e-01   5.1936 2.794e-07 ***      
                avg_temp                      3.9959e-01  1.0329e-01   3.8688 0.0001208 ***      
                idCalifornia                  2.1013e+00  1.0891e-01  19.2941 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    3.2558e-01  8.1477e-02   3.9960 7.209e-05 ***      
                idConnecticut                 9.2608e-01  1.1243e-01   8.2368 1.035e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                   -1.3875e-01  9.1528e-02  -1.5159 0.1300406          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -1.5217e+00  1.3717e-01 -11.0940 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                     4.1157e-01  8.1870e-02   5.0271 6.510e-07 ***      
                idGeorgia                    -2.3110e-01  8.1150e-02  -2.8478 0.0045474 **       
                idIdaho                      -1.4355e+00  9.7450e-02 -14.7302 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                    4.2514e-01  8.2106e-02   5.1780 3.027e-07 ***      
                idIndiana                    -6.5097e-01  8.4247e-02  -7.7269 4.398e-14 ***      
                idIowa                       -2.1186e+00  1.9715e-01 -10.7462 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.5371e+00  1.0155e-01 -15.1362 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -3.3800e-01  8.1870e-02  -4.1285 4.147e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts               1.0504e+00  8.8641e-02  11.8506 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    6.1929e-01  8.3659e-02   7.4025 4.328e-13 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.2394e-01  8.1218e-02   2.7572 0.0059997 **       
                idMissouri                   -8.9075e-01  8.9125e-02  -9.9944 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                     -7.6424e-01  9.9569e-02  -7.6754 6.355e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire               -7.3856e-01  8.5997e-02  -8.5882 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                   3.0886e-01  8.1498e-02   3.7898 0.0001654 ***      
                idNewMexico                  -4.9946e-01  1.0904e-01  -4.5804 5.602e-06 ***      
                idNewYork                     1.2557e+00  9.2112e-02  13.6326 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               3.1875e-01  8.1496e-02   3.9112 0.0001019 ***      
                idOhio                        6.2398e-01  8.3914e-02   7.4360 3.431e-13 ***      
                idOklahoma                   -1.1574e+00  9.1301e-02 -12.6769 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                      1.7543e-01  1.9291e-01   0.9094 0.3634819          
                idPennsylvania                6.8250e-01  8.4313e-02   8.0949 2.994e-15 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                -5.3893e-01  1.6252e-01  -3.3161 0.0009657 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               9.0281e-02  2.6652e-01   0.3387 0.7349220          
                idTennessee                  -7.9728e-01  8.7806e-02  -9.0800 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                       8.2050e-01  8.5634e-02   9.5816 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                       -8.4785e-01  8.9589e-02  -9.4638 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                    4.4453e-03  8.1950e-02   0.0542 0.9567579          
                idWashington                  2.1882e-01  8.1097e-02   2.6983 0.0071584 **       
                idWisconsin                  -1.3499e-01  9.1520e-02  -1.4750 0.1407251          
                time2001                      1.7669e+01  3.1786e+00   5.5588 4.024e-08 ***      
                time2002                      1.6713e+01  2.9678e+00   5.6317 2.697e-08 ***      
                time2003                      1.6648e+01  2.7865e+00   5.9745 3.873e-09 ***      
                time2004                      1.6293e+01  2.7148e+00   6.0015 3.310e-09 ***      
                time2005                      1.5589e+01  2.4020e+00   6.4898 1.749e-10 ***      
                time2006                      1.4031e+01  2.0863e+00   6.7253 3.956e-11 ***      
                time2007                      1.2748e+01  1.8128e+00   7.0322 5.339e-12 ***      
                time2008                      1.0883e+01  1.6415e+00   6.6299 7.264e-11 ***      
                time2009                      6.1533e+00  1.2117e+00   5.0784 5.029e-07 ***      
                time2010                      5.7445e+00  1.1760e+00   4.8846 1.318e-06 ***      
                time2011                      5.5280e+00  1.1072e+00   4.9926 7.735e-07 ***      
                time2012                      4.1773e+00  8.0542e-01   5.1865 2.898e-07 ***      
                time2013                      3.8121e+00  8.3521e-01   4.5642 6.037e-06 ***      
                time2014                      1.6734e+00  4.8902e-01   3.4219 0.0006624 ***      
                time2015                      1.0880e+00  3.8372e-01   2.8355 0.0047239 **       
                time2016                      2.5662e-01  2.0672e-01   1.2414 0.2149091          
                iis104                       -1.4023e+00  2.8049e-01  -4.9993 7.480e-07 ***      
                iis108                       -1.0668e+00  3.2299e-01  -3.3029 0.0010114 **       
                iis161                       -1.1841e+00  2.6678e-01  -4.4386 1.070e-05 ***      
                iis222                        1.6233e+00  3.1973e-01   5.0772 5.059e-07 ***      
                iis241                       -1.0421e+00  2.6730e-01  -3.8985 0.0001073 ***      
                iis246                       -1.4944e+00  2.6652e-01  -5.6072 3.087e-08 ***      
                iis341                       -1.4278e+00  2.6668e-01  -5.3539 1.210e-07 ***      
                iis373                       -5.8698e-01  2.8989e-01  -2.0249 0.0433041 *        
                iis374                       -5.8662e-01  2.9036e-01  -2.0203 0.0437746 *        
                iis378                       -1.8368e+00  3.1782e-01  -5.7795 1.182e-08 ***      
                iis389                       -7.7915e-01  2.6612e-01  -2.9278 0.0035376 **       
                iis522                        7.7164e-01  3.1835e-01   2.4239 0.0156368 *        
                iis566                        7.1272e-01  2.6774e-01   2.6620 0.0079672 **       
                iis597                        6.4387e-01  2.6996e-01   2.3850 0.0173748 *        
                iis603                       -1.1953e+00  2.6620e-01  -4.4903 8.468e-06 ***      
                iis656                       -8.1512e-01  2.6650e-01  -3.0586 0.0023188 **       
                iis659                       -1.0578e+00  2.6653e-01  -3.9687 8.065e-05 ***      
                iis661                       -1.1235e+00  2.6676e-01  -4.2117 2.907e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -5.7812e-01  1.2022e-01  -4.8091 1.901e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -7.7432e-01  1.3016e-01  -5.9489 4.492e-09 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020           -1.0898e+00  2.8009e-01  -3.8910 0.0001105 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -8.5926e-01  2.1443e-01  -4.0072 6.884e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.0727e+00  2.3937e-01   4.4812 8.827e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2014 -7.4222e-01  3.0044e-01  -2.4704 0.0137601 *        
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2015  1.1139e+00  3.1793e-01   3.5037 0.0004915 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2017 -1.0802e+00  3.1840e-01  -3.3925 0.0007363 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2018  8.7675e-01  2.9980e-01   2.9245 0.0035753 **       
                fesisIowa.2004                1.2521e+00  3.1833e-01   3.9333 9.317e-05 ***      
                fesisIowa.2005               -6.6639e-01  2.6751e-01  -2.4911 0.0129927 *        
                fesisNevada.2012             -3.2510e-01  1.5260e-01  -2.1305 0.0335201 *        
                fesisNevada.2018              8.0673e-01  2.2469e-01   3.5904 0.0003561 ***      
                fesisNewMexico.2009          -6.3415e-01  1.7613e-01  -3.6004 0.0003429 ***      
                fesisNewMexico.2012           5.1441e-01  1.7301e-01   2.9733 0.0030592 **       
                fesisOregon.2004             -4.6493e-01  1.9612e-01  -2.3706 0.0180622 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004        -9.3370e-01  1.6459e-01  -5.6728 2.148e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2002      -7.1890e-01  2.8058e-01  -2.5622 0.0106335 *        
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       8.1175e-01  1.3204e-01   6.1480 1.398e-09 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014           4.1392e-01  1.2230e-01   3.3844 0.0007578 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.9048795  1  0.1675      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.0030449  1  0.9560      
                                              
                SE of regression 0.25559      
                R-squared        0.95328      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  7.58467      

Log Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:02:04 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.0340103   0.0292850   1.1614 0.2458010          
                lgdp                          43.7263263   3.0635825  14.2729 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -34.6166241   1.8818116 -18.3954 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.5677954   0.1825802  -8.5869 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.0751846   0.0745140  -1.0090 0.3132418          
                idAlaska                      -0.5180913   0.1441149  -3.5950 0.0003418 ***      
                idArizona                      1.6678845   0.1086957  15.3445 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     0.7656132   0.3161752   2.4215 0.0156513 *        
                idCalifornia                   3.8523607   0.1508034  25.5456 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     1.9961434   0.1131794  17.6370 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.6023154   0.1498965  17.3608 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.5350347   0.1179889  13.0100 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.2349892   0.1429508   1.6438 0.1005521          
                idFlorida                      2.0823362   0.1144555  18.1934 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.4373713   0.1059295  13.5691 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.3487364   0.1283772   2.7165 0.0067224 **       
                idIdaho                        0.2628188   0.0967373   2.7168 0.0067157 **       
                idIllinois                     2.0965592   0.1151018  18.2148 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.0225522   0.1009613  10.1282 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.2504755   0.0966991   2.5903 0.0097433 **       
                idKansas                       0.0221685   0.0965109   0.2297 0.8183767          
                idKentucky                     0.1779708   0.0978497   1.8188 0.0692667 .        
                idLouisiana                    0.1248774   0.0965517   1.2934 0.1962092          
                idMaine                        0.1370113   0.0965157   1.4196 0.1560725          
                idMaryland                     1.3247738   0.1039667  12.7423 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.7456516   0.1269424  21.6291 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.3006979   0.1187293  19.3777 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.8942056   0.1120803  16.9004 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                  0.4695245   0.1905292   2.4643 0.0139107 *        
                idMissouri                     0.7867603   0.0999601   7.8707 9.956e-15 ***      
                idMontana                     -0.4235795   0.0974812  -4.3452 1.547e-05 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.4476276   0.1201317  -3.7261 0.0002064 ***      
                idNevada                       0.9204212   0.1183915   7.7744 2.040e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.9067645   0.1004430   9.0277 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.9782158   0.1132114  17.4736 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.0264644   0.1011903  10.1439 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.9616957   0.1316362  22.4991 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.9879208   0.1132110  17.5594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 -0.5278500   0.1000470  -5.2760 1.650e-07 ***      
                idOhio                         2.3052030   0.1192060  19.3380 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.5502913   0.0976222   5.6369 2.307e-08 ***      
                idOregon                       1.4236463   0.1072424  13.2750 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.3660500   0.1199959  19.7178 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.1345451   0.1923538   5.8982 5.171e-09 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.1438466   0.1390617   8.2255 6.654e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.5409167   0.1358824  -3.9808 7.415e-05 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.8876437   0.1006149   8.8222 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.5064488   0.1223233  20.4904 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.7645975   0.0990958   7.7157 3.146e-14 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.0054305   0.0965073  -0.0563 0.9551389          
                idVirginia                     1.6673294   0.1090390  15.2911 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.8852291   0.1114953  16.9086 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                -0.5391754   0.0980373  -5.4997 4.940e-08 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.6728844   0.1082008  15.4609 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                     -0.2520479   0.1027182  -2.4538 0.0143222 *        
                time2001                      -2.3509494   0.4778964  -4.9194 1.030e-06 ***      
                time2002                      -2.2738431   0.4427120  -5.1362 3.428e-07 ***      
                time2003                      -2.2273932   0.3847175  -5.7897 9.693e-09 ***      
                time2004                      -2.3457877   0.2740976  -8.5582 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.0881419   0.2106976  -9.9106 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.5246372   0.1692602  -9.0077 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.0668421   0.1468762  -7.2635 8.078e-13 ***      
                time2008                      -0.7417974   0.1817142  -4.0822 4.852e-05 ***      
                time2009                      -0.0889422   0.2145442  -0.4146 0.6785589          
                time2010                      -0.0536982   0.1926270  -0.2788 0.7804861          
                time2011                       0.0484313   0.1401105   0.3457 0.7296743          
                time2012                       0.1694147   0.1274143   1.3296 0.1839701          
                time2013                      -0.0517685   0.1716581  -0.3016 0.7630417          
                time2014                      -0.2013221   0.2091030  -0.9628 0.3359082          
                time2015                       0.1101253   0.1002264   1.0988 0.2721600          
                time2016                       0.0468470   0.0911468   0.5140 0.6073954          
                iis75                         -1.1018357   0.3233891  -3.4072 0.0006851 ***      
                iis79                         -1.1945972   0.3239976  -3.6871 0.0002402 ***      
                iis164                        -1.0034540   0.3330403  -3.0130 0.0026581 **       
                iis235                        -0.9994070   0.3270031  -3.0563 0.0023064 **       
                iis236                         1.0796831   0.3280770   3.2909 0.0010368 **       
                iis237                        -0.8910575   0.3284684  -2.7128 0.0067980 **       
                iis238                        -1.0805123   0.3278157  -3.2961 0.0010182 **       
                iis346                        -1.0882917   0.3163121  -3.4406 0.0006068 ***      
                iis501                        -1.0199667   0.3164537  -3.2231 0.0013130 **       
                iis548                        -0.8616768   0.3246750  -2.6540 0.0080935 **       
                iis687                        -0.9487554   0.3173544  -2.9896 0.0028686 **       
                iis742                         1.1691074   0.3163359   3.6958 0.0002323 ***      
                iis829                         0.8692623   0.3219698   2.6998 0.0070659 **       
                iis839                        -1.2304399   0.3221306  -3.8197 0.0001427 ***      
                iis843                        -0.9689278   0.3163398  -3.0629 0.0022561 **       
                iis921                        -0.9847208   0.3165578  -3.1107 0.0019243 **       
                fesisAlaska.2007              -0.9936783   0.1732300  -5.7362 1.316e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014               0.6697021   0.1651291   4.0556 5.427e-05 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2002            -1.1838989   0.3447750  -3.4338 0.0006219 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.7004627   0.2356400  -2.9726 0.0030305 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009             1.1341634   0.2032342   5.5806 3.160e-08 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.5741430   0.1417775  -4.0496 5.566e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.8734564   0.1459138  -5.9861 3.086e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -0.8314279   0.1995239  -4.1671 3.379e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   1.0482009   0.1871571   5.6006 2.826e-08 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.4996759   0.1547244  -3.2295 0.0012845 **       
                fesisMississippi.2004         -1.3722089   0.1961342  -6.9963 5.083e-12 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2020          1.3141438   0.3178669   4.1343 3.889e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.5777925   0.1430648   4.0387 5.827e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.5760822   0.1498992  -3.8431 0.0001299 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.9001138   0.2472292   3.6408 0.0002871 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.8194007   0.1938512  -4.2270 2.607e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.7655921   0.1464035   5.2293 2.110e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          0.6115876   0.1502517   4.0704 5.099e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017             -0.7676446   0.1953669  -3.9292 9.164e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020              1.5977885   0.3561357   4.4865 8.165e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.4264963  1  0.5137      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.0013378  1  0.9708      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.30518      
                R-squared           0.94634      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -183.21348      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:07:10 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.0475213   0.0302561   1.5706 0.1166631          
                lgdp                          48.5110180   3.0230728  16.0469 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -38.1699964   1.8475179 -20.6601 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.7571000   0.1807835  -9.7194 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.0753638   0.0738704  -1.0202 0.3079347          
                idArizona                      1.6448094   0.1035220  15.8885 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.4067450   0.1570680  -2.5896 0.0097836 **       
                idCalifornia                   3.7988976   0.1496006  25.3936 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     1.9688631   0.1085297  18.1412 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.5772926   0.1440698  17.8892 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.5144963   0.1116981  13.5588 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.0402563   0.1147927   0.3507 0.7259160          
                idFlorida                      2.0539454   0.1099488  18.6809 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.4172196   0.1004146  14.1137 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.3576058   0.1194607   2.9935 0.0028431 **       
                idIdaho                        0.2597285   0.0899697   2.8868 0.0039963 **       
                idIllinois                     2.0676175   0.1106667  18.6833 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.0088664   0.0947941  10.6427 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.2013557   0.0911895   2.2081 0.0275208 *        
                idKansas                      -0.0301357   0.0909069  -0.3315 0.7403532          
                idKentucky                     0.1747304   0.0909706   1.9207 0.0551212 .        
                idLouisiana                    0.2138756   0.1106059   1.9337 0.0535068 .        
                idMaine                        0.2348371   0.0922292   2.5462 0.0110761 *        
                idMaryland                     1.3069302   0.0982004  13.3088 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.7076036   0.1237185  21.8852 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.2687891   0.1146845  19.7829 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.8679090   0.1073052  17.4074 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.7765156   0.0933737   8.3162 3.904e-16 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.3527147   0.1160362  -3.0397 0.0024455 **       
                idNevada                       0.9142407   0.1109694   8.2387 7.110e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.8939162   0.0942044   9.4891 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.9509073   0.1085653  17.9699 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.0124233   0.0950543  10.6510 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.9203920   0.1288480  22.6654 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.9606126   0.1085649  18.0594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         2.2729181   0.1152111  19.7283 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.5434973   0.0909842   5.9735 3.495e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       2.0843596   0.1872539  11.1312 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.3331482   0.1160831  20.0990 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.1425012   0.1795069   6.3647 3.298e-10 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.1398161   0.1304322   8.7388 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.6202138   0.1788175  -3.4684 0.0005516 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.8747237   0.0941279   9.2929 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.4717706   0.1186477  20.8329 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.7542119   0.0926690   8.1388 1.529e-15 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.0051318   0.0897056  -0.0572 0.9543943          
                idVirginia                     1.6443837   0.1036388  15.8665 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.8594672   0.1066527  17.4348 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.6503098   0.1029671  16.0275 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      -2.6445561   0.4741520  -5.5774 3.342e-08 ***      
                time2002                      -2.5604321   0.4390568  -5.8317 7.968e-09 ***      
                time2003                      -2.5332751   0.3816653  -6.6374 5.893e-11 ***      
                time2004                      -2.6228367   0.2719489  -9.6446 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.2910328   0.2087039 -10.9774 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.7572425   0.1674246 -10.4957 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.2484564   0.1452354  -8.5961 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -0.8813609   0.1803859  -4.8860 1.244e-06 ***      
                time2009                      -0.1977717   0.2128164  -0.9293 0.3530112          
                time2010                      -0.1282581   0.1914007  -0.6701 0.5029863          
                time2011                      -0.0246581   0.1389321  -0.1775 0.8591742          
                time2012                       0.1325784   0.1262667   1.0500 0.2940421          
                time2013                      -0.0692509   0.1702524  -0.4068 0.6842974          
                time2014                      -0.2330633   0.2074596  -1.1234 0.2615990          
                time2015                       0.0597109   0.0990529   0.6028 0.5468008          
                time2016                       0.0482457   0.0902328   0.5347 0.5930202          
                iis41                          1.1932117   0.3209614   3.7176 0.0002152 ***      
                iis59                         -1.1039323   0.3004388  -3.6744 0.0002543 ***      
                iis144                        -0.7967289   0.3030863  -2.6287 0.0087355 **       
                iis148                        -1.2861321   0.3036212  -4.2360 2.541e-05 ***      
                iis215                        -0.9833785   0.3043165  -3.2314 0.0012822 **       
                iis216                         1.0625424   0.3055891   3.4770 0.0005344 ***      
                iis217                        -0.9272905   0.3060494  -3.0299 0.0025255 **       
                iis218                        -1.0833915   0.3053167  -3.5484 0.0004102 ***      
                iis282                         0.9259071   0.2950072   3.1386 0.0017601 **       
                iis326                        -1.0528366   0.2944526  -3.5756 0.0003705 ***      
                iis364                        -1.0158247   0.2950716  -3.4426 0.0006061 ***      
                iis370                        -0.9538403   0.2950596  -3.2327 0.0012766 **       
                iis461                        -1.0060732   0.2946168  -3.4149 0.0006704 ***      
                iis488                        -0.9580474   0.3041607  -3.1498 0.0016947 **       
                iis490                        -0.7898854   0.3025532  -2.6107 0.0092044 **       
                iis759                        -1.1466092   0.3025986  -3.7892 0.0001625 ***      
                iis763                        -0.9278744   0.2944721  -3.1510 0.0016880 **       
                iis841                        -0.9670714   0.2947055  -3.2815 0.0010775 **       
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.6870351   0.2194001  -3.1314 0.0018030 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009             1.0067828   0.1872653   5.3762 9.994e-08 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.5849295   0.1323329  -4.4201 1.123e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.8656810   0.1362261  -6.3547 3.507e-10 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.3976802   0.1370864   2.9009 0.0038227 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.5083908   0.1442381  -3.5247 0.0004482 ***      
                fesisKansas.2020               1.0558511   0.2944624   3.5857 0.0003566 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.6989749   0.1711972  -4.0829 4.897e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.8636856   0.1864158   4.6331 4.205e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.4745377   0.1367828   3.4693 0.0005498 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.5976475   0.1398569  -4.2733 2.159e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.9585259   0.2301132   4.1655 3.446e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.7324707   0.1807685  -4.0520 5.575e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.8361239   0.1806917  -4.6274 4.321e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.7374334   0.1365268   5.4014 8.733e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2004          1.2399725   0.3315711   3.7397 0.0001974 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2005         -1.4223097   0.3314424  -4.2913 1.995e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.4017284   0.2347874   5.9702 3.564e-09 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.6163723   0.1914461  -3.2196 0.0013358 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.57139  1  0.4497      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.13397  1  0.7143      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.28367      
                R-squared          0.94607      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -92.08317      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:06:16 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           7.9618e-02  3.4448e-02   2.3112 0.0211325 *        
                lgdp                         -1.0079e+02  1.7176e+01  -5.8681 7.033e-09 ***      
                lpop                          9.5463e+01  1.3449e+01   7.0984 3.325e-12 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       2.5663e+00  5.7658e-01   4.4508 1.007e-05 ***      
                avg_temp                      3.2198e-01  1.0059e-01   3.2009 0.0014369 **       
                idCalifornia                  2.0819e+00  1.1134e-01  18.6979 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    3.1406e-01  8.0681e-02   3.8927 0.0001094 ***      
                idConnecticut                 9.0160e-01  1.1148e-01   8.0873 3.005e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                   -1.2823e-01  9.0538e-02  -1.4163 0.1571633          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -1.3375e+00  1.3320e-01 -10.0415 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                     3.9651e-01  8.1106e-02   4.8888 1.281e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                    -2.2064e-01  8.0312e-02  -2.7474 0.0061749 **       
                idIdaho                      -1.3376e+00  9.4820e-02 -14.1068 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                    4.0887e-01  8.1352e-02   5.0259 6.489e-07 ***      
                idIndiana                    -6.1364e-01  8.3472e-02  -7.3514 5.935e-13 ***      
                idIowa                       -1.3929e+00  9.5609e-02 -14.5692 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.4162e+00  9.7906e-02 -14.4647 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -3.2545e-01  8.1070e-02  -4.0145 6.655e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts               1.0272e+00  8.8611e-02  11.5926 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    6.0299e-01  8.3077e-02   7.2583 1.126e-12 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.1545e-01  8.0386e-02   2.6802 0.0075460 **       
                idMissouri                   -8.3723e-01  8.8103e-02  -9.5029 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                     -7.1034e-01  9.8573e-02  -7.2063 1.605e-12 ***      
                idNewHampshire               -7.2660e-01  8.4109e-02  -8.6388 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                   2.9604e-01  8.0690e-02   3.6689 0.0002637 ***      
                idNewMexico                  -6.1093e-01  8.3216e-02  -7.3414 6.361e-13 ***      
                idNewYork                     1.2323e+00  9.2491e-02  13.3233 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               3.0575e-01  8.0690e-02   3.7891 0.0001653 ***      
                idOhio                        6.0623e-01  8.3342e-02   7.2740 1.011e-12 ***      
                idOklahoma                   -1.0626e+00  9.0098e-02 -11.7942 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                      4.2341e-01  1.5870e-01   2.6680 0.0078203 **       
                idPennsylvania                6.6499e-01  8.3798e-02   7.9356 9.233e-15 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                -4.8425e-01  1.6066e-01  -3.0141 0.0026778 **       
                idSouthCarolina              -4.8920e-01  1.1333e-01  -4.3168 1.831e-05 ***      
                idTennessee                  -7.4228e-01  8.6738e-02  -8.5577 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                       7.9940e-01  8.5262e-02   9.3757 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                       -8.1752e-01  8.7345e-02  -9.3596 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                    4.6238e-04  8.1071e-02   0.0057 0.9954511          
                idWashington                  2.0827e-01  8.0258e-02   2.5951 0.0096713 **       
                idWisconsin                   6.6893e-03  7.9975e-02   0.0836 0.9333672          
                time2001                      1.4695e+01  3.0854e+00   4.7628 2.358e-06 ***      
                time2002                      1.3967e+01  2.8808e+00   4.8482 1.562e-06 ***      
                time2003                      1.3945e+01  2.7052e+00   5.1550 3.372e-07 ***      
                time2004                      1.3688e+01  2.6362e+00   5.1925 2.782e-07 ***      
                time2005                      1.3154e+01  2.3328e+00   5.6386 2.560e-08 ***      
                time2006                      1.1887e+01  2.0264e+00   5.8659 7.126e-09 ***      
                time2007                      1.0819e+01  1.7609e+00   6.1439 1.406e-09 ***      
                time2008                      9.1971e+00  1.5944e+00   5.7683 1.240e-08 ***      
                time2009                      5.0850e+00  1.1755e+00   4.3258 1.760e-05 ***      
                time2010                      4.7539e+00  1.1411e+00   4.1660 3.520e-05 ***      
                time2011                      4.5726e+00  1.0745e+00   4.2555 2.394e-05 ***      
                time2012                      3.4857e+00  7.8128e-01   4.4615 9.596e-06 ***      
                time2013                      3.1297e+00  8.1044e-01   3.8617 0.0001239 ***      
                time2014                      1.3214e+00  4.7369e-01   2.7895 0.0054340 **       
                time2015                      8.6641e-01  3.7191e-01   2.3296 0.0201338 *        
                time2016                      1.6106e-01  2.0005e-01   0.8051 0.4210788          
                iis104                       -1.0486e+00  2.7729e-01  -3.7816 0.0001702 ***      
                iis222                        8.7788e-01  2.6386e-01   3.3271 0.0009271 ***      
                iis246                       -1.1043e+00  2.6319e-01  -4.1960 3.096e-05 ***      
                iis341                       -9.8468e-01  2.6336e-01  -3.7390 0.0002011 ***      
                iis603                       -9.0402e-01  2.6327e-01  -3.4338 0.0006331 ***      
                iis659                       -8.5872e-01  2.6324e-01  -3.2621 0.0011639 **       
                iis661                       -9.3675e-01  2.6347e-01  -3.5554 0.0004049 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -5.6679e-01  1.1880e-01  -4.7711 2.265e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -8.3594e-01  1.2256e-01  -6.8209 2.078e-11 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.0230e+00  1.8197e-01  -5.6216 2.814e-08 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.1551e+00  1.7072e-01   6.7662 2.961e-11 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -5.7815e-01  1.2539e-01  -4.6107 4.835e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              9.7808e-01  2.0568e-01   4.7554 2.443e-06 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -7.0584e-01  1.6206e-01  -4.3554 1.543e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004        -8.1037e-01  1.6195e-01  -5.0039 7.246e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       7.1584e-01  1.2292e-01   5.8235 9.076e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.7187008  1  0.3966      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.0059898  1  0.9383      
                                              
                SE of regression 0.25287      
                R-squared        0.94355      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  4.27189      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:01:39 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.0142064   0.0275714   0.5153 0.6065031          
                lgdp                          45.4762662   2.8330892  16.0518 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -34.8991182   1.7332293 -20.1353 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.6765453   0.1689815  -9.9215 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.1171333   0.0680490  -1.7213 0.0855488 .        
                idAlaska                      -0.6360663   0.1406455  -4.5225 6.956e-06 ***      
                idArizona                      1.6926609   0.1027904  16.4671 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     0.7319626   0.2828212   2.5881 0.0098118 **       
                idCalifornia                   3.9216787   0.1425169  27.5173 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.0270836   0.1070324  18.9390 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.6561453   0.1391969  19.0819 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.5572386   0.1102846  14.1202 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.2371182   0.1305958   1.8157 0.0697647 .        
                idFlorida                      2.1149043   0.1082385  19.5393 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.4578627   0.1001693  14.5540 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.3528882   0.1180609   2.9890 0.0028771 **       
                idIdaho                       -0.5205351   0.2824725  -1.8428 0.0656998 .        
                idIllinois                     2.1299347   0.1088493  19.5677 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.0335661   0.0954468  10.8287 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                        -0.3374395   0.2824575  -1.1947 0.2325461          
                idKansas                       0.0071362   0.0933441   0.0765 0.9390784          
                idKentucky                     0.1700069   0.0922854   1.8422 0.0657870 .        
                idLouisiana                    0.2141295   0.1098983   1.9484 0.0516832 .        
                idMaine                        0.2266892   0.0934303   2.4263 0.0154556 *        
                idMaryland                     1.3418822   0.0983065  13.6500 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.7923749   0.1200267  23.2646 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.3384225   0.1122758  20.8275 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.9237041   0.1059931  18.1493 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                  0.4714723   0.1721045   2.7395 0.0062796 **       
                idMissouri                     0.7924166   0.0943493   8.3988 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMontana                     -0.4101271   0.0931977  -4.4006 1.213e-05 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.3197774   0.1191021  -2.6849 0.0073927 **       
                idNevada                       0.9370904   0.1099992   8.5191 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.9165509   0.0949521   9.6528 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.0091974   0.1070626  18.7666 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.0379993   0.0956652  10.8503 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      3.0131910   0.1244533  24.2114 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.0189019   0.1070623  18.8573 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 -0.5933094   0.1406959  -4.2170 2.734e-05 ***      
                idOhio                         2.3434788   0.1127260  20.7892 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.5512035   0.0922432   5.9755 3.337e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       1.8756612   0.2142395   8.7550 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.4052302   0.1134717  21.1967 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.1527243   0.1740107   6.6244 6.090e-11 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.1707384   0.1279074   9.1530 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.7389781   0.1314938  -5.6199 2.571e-08 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.8937178   0.0949772   9.4098 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.5482327   0.1156686  22.0305 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.7707740   0.0936632   8.2292 6.820e-16 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.0280691   0.1134343  -0.2474 0.8046200          
                idVirginia                     1.6916023   0.1029898  16.4249 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.9139437   0.1054398  18.1520 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                -0.3913969   0.1043218  -3.7518 0.0001871 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.6969272   0.1023218  16.5842 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                     -0.2667085   0.0961038  -2.7752 0.0056345 **       
                time2001                      -2.6685160   0.4403128  -6.0605 2.017e-09 ***      
                time2002                      -2.5829034   0.4085195  -6.3226 4.100e-10 ***      
                time2003                      -2.5377536   0.3537105  -7.1747 1.548e-12 ***      
                time2004                      -2.5676566   0.2523099 -10.1766 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.2597329   0.1934234 -11.6828 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.6534965   0.1563605 -10.5749 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.1657045   0.1356445  -8.5938 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -0.8881006   0.1655882  -5.3633 1.047e-07 ***      
                time2009                      -0.2836173   0.1957586  -1.4488 0.1477493          
                time2010                      -0.2149167   0.1754113  -1.2252 0.2208245          
                time2011                      -0.0243147   0.1286032  -0.1891 0.8500836          
                time2012                       0.1381183   0.1178826   1.1717 0.2416535          
                time2013                      -0.1365243   0.1560648  -0.8748 0.3819275          
                time2014                      -0.3575761   0.1898236  -1.8837 0.0599339 .        
                time2015                       0.0639017   0.0918337   0.6958 0.4867135          
                time2016                       0.0440108   0.0837785   0.5253 0.5994917          
                iis19                          0.8429755   0.3358763   2.5098 0.0122606 *        
                iis23                          0.6547980   0.3004510   2.1794 0.0295698 *        
                iis66                         -1.3545132   0.2898907  -4.6725 3.445e-06 ***      
                iis67                         -1.1056380   0.2900202  -3.8123 0.0001474 ***      
                iis68                         -1.1241548   0.2894683  -3.8835 0.0001107 ***      
                iis75                         -1.1705698   0.2890080  -4.0503 5.570e-05 ***      
                iis77                         -0.7611034   0.2894520  -2.6295 0.0087024 **       
                iis79                         -1.2093311   0.2897269  -4.1740 3.292e-05 ***      
                iis164                        -0.9945085   0.2962174  -3.3574 0.0008209 ***      
                iis168                        -0.8367098   0.3187966  -2.6246 0.0088270 **       
                iis235                        -1.0009331   0.2907491  -3.4426 0.0006035 ***      
                iis236                         1.0602884   0.2918464   3.6330 0.0002965 ***      
                iis237                        -0.8746018   0.2924569  -2.9905 0.0028631 **       
                iis238                        -1.1070224   0.2917033  -3.7950 0.0001578 ***      
                iis331                        -0.8221422   0.2816705  -2.9188 0.0036040 **       
                iis346                        -1.0669132   0.2813273  -3.7924 0.0001595 ***      
                iis379                         0.6860894   0.3003414   2.2844 0.0225893 *        
                iis384                        -1.0256127   0.2818531  -3.6388 0.0002900 ***      
                iis390                        -0.9295938   0.2818830  -3.2978 0.0010138 **       
                iis493                        -0.5739980   0.2889381  -1.9866 0.0472815 *        
                iis501                        -1.0340557   0.2815395  -3.6729 0.0002544 ***      
                iis532                        -0.6360743   0.2820027  -2.2556 0.0243450 *        
                iis543                        -0.5792785   0.2908451  -1.9917 0.0467143 *        
                iis548                        -0.9970587   0.2921446  -3.4129 0.0006723 ***      
                iis550                        -0.8392576   0.2908544  -2.8855 0.0040043 **       
                iis578                        -0.6215469   0.2962834  -2.0978 0.0362087 *        
                iis687                        -0.8675048   0.2875018  -3.0174 0.0026236 **       
                iis691                        -0.7893330   0.2863381  -2.7566 0.0059615 **       
                iis742                         0.7632657   0.3362041   2.2702 0.0234357 *        
                iis817                         0.6745806   0.2865013   2.3545 0.0187659 *        
                iis818                         0.6399595   0.2869796   2.2300 0.0260022 *        
                iis824                         1.3312169   0.2961178   4.4956 7.874e-06 ***      
                iis829                         1.0748760   0.2960428   3.6308 0.0002990 ***      
                iis830                         0.8802536   0.2972176   2.9616 0.0031429 **       
                iis834                         0.6149207   0.2960124   2.0773 0.0380613 *        
                iis837                         0.7400137   0.2964074   2.4966 0.0127220 *        
                iis843                        -0.9527531   0.2813988  -3.3858 0.0007415 ***      
                iis921                        -1.0043151   0.2816251  -3.5661 0.0003820 ***      
                iis973                        -0.6451421   0.2939433  -2.1948 0.0284418 *        
                fesisAlabama.2017             -0.8542641   0.2828996  -3.0197 0.0026041 **       
                fesisAlabama.2018              0.7977194   0.3360400   2.3739 0.0178176 *        
                fesisAlaska.2007              -0.9224536   0.1624429  -5.6786 1.849e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014               0.6842213   0.1469388   4.6565 3.716e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2002            -1.1503231   0.3066590  -3.7511 0.0001876 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006             0.4820965   0.1650200   2.9214 0.0035739 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.6019968   0.1263936  -4.7629 2.234e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.7732195   0.1367660  -5.6536 2.128e-08 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020            -0.8043484   0.2963005  -2.7146 0.0067658 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -0.6476123   0.1952276  -3.3172 0.0009468 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.8531177   0.1858937   4.5893 5.100e-06 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.5230715   0.1378057  -3.7957 0.0001574 ***      
                fesisIdaho.2002                0.8198288   0.2815590   2.9117 0.0036856 **       
                fesisIowa.2002                 1.4589331   0.3879040   3.7611 0.0001805 ***      
                fesisIowa.2003                -0.8921974   0.2822084  -3.1615 0.0016238 **       
                fesisKansas.2020               0.9275503   0.2819530   3.2897 0.0010430 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.7243172   0.1634276  -4.4320 1.052e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.7719463   0.1849459   4.1739 3.294e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004         -1.1676822   0.1947663  -5.9953 2.970e-09 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2010         -0.3180443   0.1454499  -2.1866 0.0290347 *        
                fesisMississippi.2020          1.4003182   0.2891629   4.8427 1.515e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.4327658   0.1345522   3.2163 0.0013461 **       
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.5195463   0.1402185  -3.7053 0.0002245 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.8465380   0.2239613   3.7798 0.0001676 ***      
                fesisNorthDakota.2006          0.7979092   0.3005943   2.6544 0.0080886 **       
                fesisNorthDakota.2007         -0.8054294   0.2865599  -2.8107 0.0050543 **       
                fesisNorthDakota.2020          0.8756288   0.2865472   3.0558 0.0023129 **       
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.4834731   0.2063511  -2.3430 0.0193549 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.8406381   0.1726012  -4.8704 1.322e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.6595474   0.1341240   4.9174 1.048e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          0.6130910   0.1593013   3.8486 0.0001274 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018         -0.4428768   0.1941681  -2.2809 0.0227949 *        
                fesisVermont.2010              0.5556208   0.1830882   3.0347 0.0024790 **       
                fesisVermont.2013             -0.7310920   0.1860829  -3.9289 9.209e-05 ***      
                fesisWestVirginia.2013        -0.3406067   0.1316382  -2.5874 0.0098296 **       
                fesisWyoming.2017             -0.7785183   0.1740541  -4.4729 8.737e-06 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020              1.6053993   0.3168407   5.0669 4.936e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.0015689  1  0.9684      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.1172142  1  0.7321      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.27130      
                R-squared          0.95945      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -43.20138      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:06:58 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.072589   0.028603   2.5378 0.0113508 *        
                lgdp                          47.924237   2.850993  16.8097 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -38.113434   1.724578 -22.1001 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.700076   0.171130  -9.9344 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.099644   0.070005  -1.4234 0.1550313          
                idArizona                      1.341775   0.104315  12.8627 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.300936   0.100861  -2.9837 0.0029380 **       
                idCalifornia                   3.439482   0.147297  23.3507 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     1.658027   0.109017  15.2088 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.259142   0.140323  16.0995 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.220673   0.110957  11.0013 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          -0.126835   0.115492  -1.0982 0.2724535          
                idFlorida                      1.741049   0.110346  15.7781 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.119610   0.101379  11.0438 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.102338   0.115842   0.8834 0.3772811          
                idIdaho                       -0.761558   0.271358  -2.8065 0.0051351 **       
                idIllinois                     1.753699   0.111017  15.7967 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      0.723253   0.095990   7.5347 1.374e-13 ***      
                idIowa                        -0.575281   0.271323  -2.1203 0.0343011 *        
                idKansas                      -0.247994   0.092584  -2.6786 0.0075511 **       
                idKentucky                    -0.089588   0.091728  -0.9767 0.3290365          
                idLouisiana                   -0.045885   0.108374  -0.4234 0.6721253          
                idMaine                       -0.025118   0.092586  -0.2713 0.7862356          
                idMaryland                     1.013602   0.099273  10.2103 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.376789   0.123190  19.2936 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     1.949365   0.114770  16.9850 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.843458   0.142690  12.9193 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.499169   0.094407   5.2874 1.617e-07 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.264522   0.102595  -2.5783 0.0101124 *        
                idNevada                       0.635987   0.109506   5.8078 9.253e-09 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.609857   0.095413   6.3917 2.838e-10 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.640019   0.109051  15.0390 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    0.726151   0.096244   7.5449 1.277e-13 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.583537   0.127967  20.1891 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.649725   0.109050  15.1281 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         1.952796   0.115261  16.9423 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.270671   0.092157   2.9371 0.0034121 **       
                idOregon                       1.520347   0.208661   7.2862 7.897e-13 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.011882   0.116075  17.3327 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  0.856019   0.169262   5.0574 5.316e-07 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                0.858932   0.126469   6.7916 2.216e-11 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.864402   0.167581  -5.1581 3.175e-07 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.593731   0.095166   6.2389 7.263e-10 ***      
                idTexas                        2.147208   0.118466  18.1251 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.519123   0.094812   5.4753 5.913e-08 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.269804   0.111367  -2.4227 0.0156370 *        
                idVirginia                     1.343472   0.104319  12.8785 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.551448   0.107258  14.4646 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.348204   0.103792  12.9894 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      -2.477710   0.447875  -5.5321 4.335e-08 ***      
                time2002                      -2.400320   0.415375  -5.7787 1.093e-08 ***      
                time2003                      -2.439954   0.359912  -6.7793 2.402e-11 ***      
                time2004                      -2.555245   0.256559  -9.9597 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.294742   0.196449 -11.6811 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.749929   0.157909 -11.0819 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.243037   0.136850  -9.0832 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -0.895048   0.169575  -5.2782 1.698e-07 ***      
                time2009                      -0.194709   0.199692  -0.9750 0.3298425          
                time2010                      -0.117583   0.179784  -0.6540 0.5132913          
                time2011                      -0.028126   0.130618  -0.2153 0.8295681          
                time2012                       0.142027   0.119129   1.1922 0.2335438          
                time2013                      -0.091552   0.160510  -0.5704 0.5685839          
                time2014                      -0.279014   0.195456  -1.4275 0.1538386          
                time2015                       0.102276   0.093279   1.0964 0.2732251          
                time2016                       0.070025   0.084926   0.8245 0.4098890          
                iis2                          -0.863365   0.271680  -3.1779 0.0015428 **       
                iis4                          -0.859021   0.271801  -3.1605 0.0016367 **       
                iis10                         -1.041073   0.271579  -3.8334 0.0001367 ***      
                iis13                         -0.774180   0.271812  -2.8482 0.0045136 **       
                iis17                         -1.131442   0.271709  -4.1642 3.478e-05 ***      
                iis41                          0.830111   0.272461   3.0467 0.0023925 **       
                iis42                         -0.810569   0.274644  -2.9513 0.0032599 **       
                iis46                         -1.225972   0.273067  -4.4896 8.224e-06 ***      
                iis47                         -0.898746   0.273031  -3.2917 0.0010410 **       
                iis48                         -0.933758   0.272627  -3.4250 0.0006472 ***      
                iis55                         -1.050989   0.272205  -3.8610 0.0001224 ***      
                iis59                         -1.169849   0.273088  -4.2838 2.070e-05 ***      
                iis144                        -0.901134   0.278716  -3.2332 0.0012764 **       
                iis148                        -1.385270   0.279085  -4.9636 8.521e-07 ***      
                iis150                        -0.699701   0.278503  -2.5124 0.0121956 *        
                iis215                        -1.007429   0.278094  -3.6226 0.0003107 ***      
                iis216                         1.086994   0.279309   3.8917 0.0001081 ***      
                iis217                        -0.947934   0.279884  -3.3869 0.0007428 ***      
                iis218                        -1.081677   0.279198  -3.8742 0.0001161 ***      
                iis282                         0.902765   0.270157   3.3416 0.0008730 ***      
                iis311                        -0.782639   0.269341  -2.9058 0.0037685 **       
                iis326                        -1.025341   0.269055  -3.8109 0.0001495 ***      
                iis364                        -1.014561   0.269728  -3.7614 0.0001817 ***      
                iis370                        -0.984816   0.269736  -3.6510 0.0002788 ***      
                iis461                        -1.017939   0.269357  -3.7791 0.0001695 ***      
                iis482                        -0.704075   0.273809  -2.5714 0.0103148 *        
                iis483                        -0.809264   0.273178  -2.9624 0.0031463 **       
                iis484                        -0.753013   0.273536  -2.7529 0.0060463 **       
                iis488                        -1.308898   0.273929  -4.7782 2.117e-06 ***      
                iis490                        -1.144529   0.273117  -4.1906 3.104e-05 ***      
                iis498                        -1.172418   0.321504  -3.6467 0.0002835 ***      
                iis518                        -0.651029   0.283499  -2.2964 0.0219199 *        
                iis662                         0.752454   0.321808   2.3382 0.0196314 *        
                iis737                         0.661588   0.273984   2.4147 0.0159803 *        
                iis738                         0.581091   0.274663   2.1157 0.0346946 *        
                iis759                        -0.933234   0.321202  -2.9054 0.0037724 **       
                iis763                        -0.915697   0.269104  -3.4028 0.0007015 ***      
                iis819                        -0.888025   0.269191  -3.2989 0.0010153 **       
                iis841                        -0.971968   0.269434  -3.6074 0.0003292 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2020             -0.535341   0.272582  -1.9640 0.0498937 *        
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.585771   0.121092  -4.8374 1.589e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.864125   0.124669  -6.9313 8.814e-12 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.286923   0.128917   2.2256 0.0263269 *        
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.510064   0.131919  -3.8665 0.0001197 ***      
                fesisIdaho.2002                0.795086   0.269369   2.9517 0.0032565 **       
                fesisIowa.2002                 0.539298   0.269782   1.9990 0.0459573 *        
                fesisKansas.2020               1.009352   0.269533   3.7448 0.0001940 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.687474   0.156590  -4.3903 1.290e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.834426   0.170459   4.8952 1.197e-06 ***      
                fesisMinnesota.2007           -0.406514   0.128452  -3.1647 0.0016133 **       
                fesisNebraska.2018             0.533430   0.200752   2.6572 0.0080433 **       
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.505580   0.134318  -3.7641 0.0001799 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.863720   0.214206   4.0322 6.075e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.463734   0.197617  -2.3466 0.0191964 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.818890   0.165307  -4.9538 8.950e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.609882   0.128370   4.7510 2.414e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2004          1.232681   0.303093   4.0670 5.252e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2005         -1.395488   0.302940  -4.6065 4.790e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.364462   0.214553   6.3596 3.465e-10 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.657022   0.185488  -3.5421 0.0004208 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2017          0.690828   0.283600   2.4359 0.0150794 *        
                fesisSouthDakota.2018         -0.867175   0.321275  -2.6992 0.0071036 **       
                fesisVermont.2010              0.529695   0.175093   3.0252 0.0025671 **       
                fesisVermont.2013             -0.715816   0.177988  -4.0217 6.346e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.85040  1  0.3564      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.24407  1  0.6213      
                                              
                SE of regression 0.25914      
                R-squared        0.95651      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  2.78837      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:06:29 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.105834    0.032753   3.2313 0.0012964 **       
                lgdp                         -103.815412   16.169295  -6.4205 2.674e-10 ***      
                lpop                           97.845638   12.656854   7.7306 4.247e-14 ***      
                lgdp_sq                         2.668125    0.543113   4.9127 1.147e-06 ***      
                avg_temp                        0.334449    0.094554   3.5371 0.0004342 ***      
                idCalifornia                    1.985457    0.105291  18.8569 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      0.268426    0.075588   3.5512 0.0004121 ***      
                idConnecticut                   0.829043    0.104148   7.9602 8.024e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                     -0.167248    0.084536  -1.9784 0.0483155 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia           -1.339633    0.124354 -10.7728 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                       0.348714    0.076012   4.5876 5.411e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                      -0.290547    0.076075  -3.8192 0.0001471 ***      
                idIdaho                        -1.296751    0.089674 -14.4607 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                      0.360009    0.076257   4.7210 2.894e-06 ***      
                idIndiana                      -0.632898    0.078114  -8.1023 2.806e-15 ***      
                idIowa                         -1.899781    0.248970  -7.6306 8.677e-14 ***      
                idKentucky                     -1.411736    0.091848 -15.3703 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                     -0.352780    0.075845  -4.6513 4.021e-06 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 0.960693    0.083352  11.5257 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      0.548375    0.077955   7.0345 5.230e-12 ***      
                idMinnesota                     0.171717    0.075291   2.2807 0.0228991 *        
                idMissouri                     -0.874190    0.083289 -10.4959 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                       -0.736082    0.092009  -8.0001 5.982e-15 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 -0.708018    0.079737  -8.8794 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                     0.250348    0.075598   3.3116 0.0009807 ***      
                idNewMexico                    -0.630875    0.077871  -8.1015 2.822e-15 ***      
                idNewYork                       1.159430    0.087115  13.3092 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 0.260055    0.075598   3.4400 0.0006202 ***      
                idOhio                          0.550881    0.078215   7.0431 4.937e-12 ***      
                idOklahoma                     -1.068523    0.084429 -12.6559 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                        0.113832    0.176889   0.6435 0.5201175          
                idPennsylvania                  0.608448    0.078663   7.7349 4.120e-14 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  -0.520439    0.149197  -3.4883 0.0005200 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 0.052905    0.243826   0.2170 0.8282966          
                idTennessee                    -0.754443    0.081133  -9.2989 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                         0.739404    0.080093   9.2318 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         -0.792328    0.082853  -9.5630 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                     -0.033707    0.075847  -0.4444 0.6568964          
                idWashington                    0.165583    0.075161   2.2030 0.0279527 *        
                idWisconsin                    -0.161904    0.084524  -1.9155 0.0558845 .        
                time2001                       15.301947    2.906194   5.2653 1.923e-07 ***      
                time2002                       14.496834    2.713466   5.3426 1.282e-07 ***      
                time2003                       14.482583    2.547842   5.6843 2.010e-08 ***      
                time2004                       14.173532    2.482453   5.7095 1.747e-08 ***      
                time2005                       13.586621    2.196580   6.1854 1.115e-09 ***      
                time2006                       12.258961    1.907942   6.4252 2.598e-10 ***      
                time2007                       11.141715    1.657905   6.7204 4.063e-11 ***      
                time2008                        9.495042    1.501186   6.3250 4.801e-10 ***      
                time2009                        5.323158    1.107733   4.8055 1.932e-06 ***      
                time2010                        4.941448    1.075190   4.5959 5.208e-06 ***      
                time2011                        4.733189    1.012359   4.6754 3.591e-06 ***      
                time2012                        3.620928    0.736298   4.9177 1.118e-06 ***      
                time2013                        3.262085    0.763515   4.2725 2.232e-05 ***      
                time2014                        1.389198    0.446762   3.1095 0.0019587 **       
                time2015                        0.921829    0.350788   2.6279 0.0088012 **       
                time2016                        0.205151    0.188950   1.0857 0.2780089          
                iis3                           -0.749576    0.243360  -3.0801 0.0021594 **       
                iis104                         -1.048679    0.256107  -4.0947 4.778e-05 ***      
                iis108                         -0.772575    0.294143  -2.6265 0.0088358 **       
                iis151                          0.761903    0.243274   3.1319 0.0018174 **       
                iis161                         -0.791118    0.243605  -3.2475 0.0012259 **       
                iis222                          0.871633    0.244188   3.5695 0.0003849 ***      
                iis246                         -1.104148    0.243065  -4.5426 6.660e-06 ***      
                iis341                         -0.991450    0.243912  -4.0648 5.416e-05 ***      
                iis378                         -1.544534    0.290382  -5.3190 1.452e-07 ***      
                iis389                         -0.724325    0.243225  -2.9780 0.0030128 **       
                iis522                          0.736348    0.290924   2.5311 0.0116138 *        
                iis529                         -0.585279    0.244369  -2.3951 0.0169084 *        
                iis579                         -0.648977    0.244340  -2.6560 0.0081065 **       
                iis597                          0.611699    0.246653   2.4800 0.0133986 *        
                iis603                         -0.936556    0.243260  -3.8500 0.0001302 ***      
                iis656                         -0.720975    0.243434  -2.9617 0.0031748 **       
                iis659                         -0.898655    0.243609  -3.6889 0.0002447 ***      
                iis661                         -0.963670    0.243707  -3.9542 8.550e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.535558    0.109845  -4.8756 1.375e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.704518    0.118952  -5.9227 5.209e-09 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020             -0.685162    0.256017  -2.6762 0.0076389 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.756478    0.195735  -3.8648 0.0001227 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011    0.896411    0.196540   4.5610 6.120e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2017   -0.571399    0.256921  -2.2240 0.0265005 *        
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2018    0.776637    0.273902   2.8355 0.0047229 **       
                fesisIowa.2002                  0.535750    0.243993   2.1958 0.0284728 *        
                fesisMissouri.2020              0.521195    0.243707   2.1386 0.0328511 *        
                fesisNevada.2012               -0.454328    0.121721  -3.7325 0.0002067 ***      
                fesisNevada.2018                0.885752    0.193584   4.5756 5.722e-06 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004               -0.388376    0.179816  -2.1599 0.0311608 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.735325    0.150380  -4.8898 1.283e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2002        -0.671201    0.256316  -2.6186 0.0090403 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.760323    0.120870   6.2904 5.924e-10 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014             0.377387    0.111766   3.3766 0.0007791 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.497443  1  0.4806      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.032508  1  0.8569      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.23353      
                R-squared         0.95319      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  70.56918      

Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:50:46 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   6.0292e-01  2.4855e-02 24.2579 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                  4.3358e+02  5.5343e+01  7.8344 1.297e-14 ***      
                lpop                 -3.1823e+02  3.4082e+01 -9.3369 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq              -1.7238e+01  3.3042e+00 -5.2169 2.249e-07 ***      
                avg_temp             -3.0570e-01  1.3549e+00 -0.2256 0.8215440          
                idAlaska             -1.0850e+00  1.7630e+00 -0.6154 0.5384368          
                idArizona             6.8648e+00  1.8160e+00  3.7802 0.0001668 ***      
                idArkansas           -3.3404e-01  1.7617e+00 -0.1896 0.8496508          
                idCalifornia         -5.6185e+01  7.2052e+00 -7.7978 1.704e-14 ***      
                idColorado            1.0741e+01  1.8846e+00  5.6996 1.617e-08 ***      
                idConnecticut         1.3403e+01  1.9701e+00  6.8033 1.842e-11 ***      
                idDelaware            4.1195e+00  1.7830e+00  2.3104 0.0210842 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia  2.3088e-01  1.7615e+00  0.1311 0.8957494          
                idFlorida             1.1375e+01  1.8974e+00  5.9951 2.920e-09 ***      
                idGeorgia             3.5082e+00  1.8185e+00  1.9292 0.0540104 .        
                idHawaii             -5.5834e-02  1.7615e+00 -0.0317 0.9747208          
                idIdaho               4.2025e-01  1.7616e+00  0.2386 0.8115013          
                idIllinois            1.0966e+01  1.8991e+00  5.7742 1.057e-08 ***      
                idIndiana             2.6099e+00  1.7687e+00  1.4756 0.1403880          
                idIowa                3.6037e-01  1.7616e+00  0.2046 0.8379506          
                idKansas             -5.0278e-02  1.7615e+00 -0.0285 0.9772354          
                idKentucky            1.2799e-01  1.7615e+00  0.0727 0.9420939          
                idLouisiana           7.7636e-02  1.7615e+00  0.0441 0.9648544          
                idMaine               2.2282e-01  1.7615e+00  0.1265 0.8993673          
                idMaryland            4.1364e+00  1.7797e+00  2.3242 0.0203315 *        
                idMassachusetts       1.9592e+01  2.3668e+00  8.2779 4.389e-16 ***      
                idMichigan            1.6090e+01  2.0117e+00  7.9983 3.780e-15 ***      
                idMinnesota           8.7953e+00  1.8498e+00  4.7548 2.305e-06 ***      
                idMississippi        -7.8571e-01  1.7624e+00 -0.4458 0.6558328          
                idMissouri            1.6491e+00  1.7641e+00  0.9348 0.3501551          
                idMontana            -6.2543e-01  1.7620e+00 -0.3550 0.7227019          
                idNebraska           -3.1543e-01  1.7617e+00 -0.1790 0.8579391          
                idNevada              1.5451e+00  1.7643e+00  0.8758 0.3813753          
                idNewHampshire        1.9167e+00  1.7671e+00  1.0847 0.2783524          
                idNewJersey           8.5328e+00  1.8933e+00  4.5069 7.428e-06 ***      
                idNewMexico           2.5894e+00  1.7693e+00  1.4635 0.1436776          
                idNewYork             3.4890e+01  2.8280e+00 12.3374 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       9.9066e+00  1.8696e+00  5.2989 1.459e-07 ***      
                idNorthDakota        -7.5293e-01  1.7623e+00 -0.4272 0.6693092          
                idOhio                1.2795e+01  2.0175e+00  6.3419 3.554e-10 ***      
                idOklahoma            1.0447e+00  1.7624e+00  0.5928 0.5534690          
                idOregon              5.0704e+00  1.7914e+00  2.8305 0.0047494 **       
                idPennsylvania        1.3255e+01  2.0811e+00  6.3694 2.995e-10 ***      
                idRhodeIsland         6.8777e-01  1.7621e+00  0.3903 0.6963977          
                idSouthCarolina       7.6944e+00  1.8253e+00  4.2155 2.738e-05 ***      
                idSouthDakota         2.0902e-03  1.7615e+00  0.0012 0.9990535          
                idTennessee           2.1958e+00  1.7663e+00  1.2432 0.2141235          
                idTexas               1.7013e+01  2.1359e+00  7.9651 4.864e-15 ***      
                idUtah                1.9044e+00  1.7655e+00  1.0786 0.2810291          
                idVermont            -6.2903e-03  1.7615e+00 -0.0036 0.9971515          
                idVirginia            6.7309e+00  1.8109e+00  3.7169 0.0002139 ***      
                idWashington          8.9484e+00  1.8483e+00  4.8415 1.511e-06 ***      
                idWestVirginia       -7.1453e-01  1.7621e+00 -0.4055 0.6852098          
                idWisconsin           6.8605e+00  1.8106e+00  3.7890 0.0001611 ***      
                idWyoming            -5.5557e-01  1.7619e+00 -0.3153 0.7525838          
                time2001             -2.7119e+01  8.6322e+00 -3.1416 0.0017341 **       
                time2002             -2.5349e+01  8.0042e+00 -3.1670 0.0015909 **       
                time2003             -2.5283e+01  6.9398e+00 -3.6432 0.0002844 ***      
                time2004             -2.3571e+01  4.9415e+00 -4.7701 2.141e-06 ***      
                time2005             -2.0402e+01  3.7926e+00 -5.3795 9.480e-08 ***      
                time2006             -1.5350e+01  3.0567e+00 -5.0216 6.153e-07 ***      
                time2007             -1.1553e+01  2.6561e+00 -4.3494 1.518e-05 ***      
                time2008             -8.0488e+00  3.2803e+00 -2.4537 0.0143243 *        
                time2009             -2.8195e+00  3.8738e+00 -0.7278 0.4669081          
                time2010             -2.5196e+00  3.4790e+00 -0.7242 0.4691160          
                time2011             -3.1080e+00  2.5420e+00 -1.2227 0.2217753          
                time2012             -1.2883e+00  2.3251e+00 -0.5541 0.5796609          
                time2013             -2.0351e+00  3.1127e+00 -0.6538 0.5134095          
                time2014             -5.6511e+00  3.7855e+00 -1.4928 0.1358279          
                time2015             -4.2685e-01  1.8183e+00 -0.2347 0.8144573          
                time2016             -2.1486e+00  1.6631e+00 -1.2919 0.1967019          
                iis81                 1.0896e+02  8.3814e+00 13.0002 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis82                 8.6520e+01  8.2019e+00 10.5488 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis83                 9.2518e+01  8.2447e+00 11.2216 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis84                 1.2134e+02  8.2326e+00 14.7393 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis85                 1.2915e+02  8.0736e+00 15.9966 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis86                 2.0389e+02  7.9912e+00 25.5148 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis87                 1.7951e+02  8.0989e+00 22.1648 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis88                 2.0917e+02  8.2677e+00 25.2993 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis89                 2.1307e+02  8.6613e+00 24.5997 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis90                 1.6166e+02  9.0146e+00 17.9332 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis91                 1.7122e+02  8.6701e+00 19.7477 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis92                 1.6316e+02  8.5797e+00 19.0166 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis93                 1.6523e+02  8.4689e+00 19.5099 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis94                 1.1198e+02  8.4108e+00 13.3139 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis95                 1.4418e+02  8.0658e+00 17.8760 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis96                 1.4595e+02  8.0584e+00 18.1115 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis97                 1.1767e+02  8.0609e+00 14.5982 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis98                 1.3536e+02  7.9793e+00 16.9638 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis99                 1.1028e+02  7.9809e+00 13.8177 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis211                2.7836e+01  5.7771e+00  4.8183 1.693e-06 ***      
                iis426                2.8891e+01  5.7907e+00  4.9892 7.249e-07 ***      
                iis428                4.7837e+01  5.7811e+00  8.2747 4.499e-16 ***      
                iis453               -2.0389e+01  5.8091e+00 -3.5099 0.0004700 ***      
                iis613                2.5215e+01  5.7757e+00  4.3657 1.411e-05 ***      
                iis713                2.5637e+01  5.7787e+00  4.4364 1.026e-05 ***      
                iis767                3.2004e+01  5.7811e+00  5.5360 4.037e-08 ***      
                iis770                2.6024e+01  5.7841e+00  4.4992 7.694e-06 ***      
                iis869                2.8137e+01  5.7744e+00  4.8728 1.296e-06 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2012    -1.0138e+01  2.6148e+00 -3.8772 0.0001132 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2020    -3.2322e+01  5.9868e+00 -5.3989 8.537e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)    28.34  1 1.018e-07 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  19.89  1 8.205e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     5.57026      
                R-squared            0.97812      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -3148.60778      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:54:30 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.9079e-01  2.7303e-02 21.6380 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                  4.8999e+02  6.2857e+01  7.7953 1.980e-14 ***      
                lpop                 -3.5937e+02  3.8722e+01 -9.2808 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq              -1.9520e+01  3.7520e+00 -5.2024 2.496e-07 ***      
                avg_temp             -2.9480e-01  1.5384e+00 -0.1916 0.8480810          
                idArizona             7.0803e+00  1.9378e+00  3.6537 0.0002752 ***      
                idArkansas           -3.4721e-01  1.8764e+00 -0.1850 0.8532420          
                idCalifornia         -5.2790e+01  7.7725e+00 -6.7919 2.147e-11 ***      
                idColorado            1.1068e+01  2.0154e+00  5.4920 5.327e-08 ***      
                idConnecticut         1.3833e+01  2.1117e+00  6.5508 1.018e-10 ***      
                idDelaware            4.2543e+00  1.9005e+00  2.2385 0.0254623 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia  2.3564e-01  1.8762e+00  0.1256 0.9000839          
                idFlorida             1.1719e+01  2.0298e+00  5.7735 1.107e-08 ***      
                idGeorgia             3.6916e+00  1.9395e+00  1.9034 0.0573435 .        
                idHawaii             -6.0975e-02  1.8762e+00 -0.0325 0.9740817          
                idIdaho               4.3095e-01  1.8763e+00  0.2297 0.8184001          
                idIllinois            1.1312e+01  2.0317e+00  5.5678 3.514e-08 ***      
                idIndiana             2.6877e+00  1.8843e+00  1.4263 0.1541553          
                idIowa                3.6883e-01  1.8762e+00  0.1966 0.8442070          
                idKansas             -5.5123e-02  1.8762e+00 -0.0294 0.9765685          
                idKentucky            1.3139e-01  1.8762e+00  0.0700 0.9441877          
                idLouisiana           7.9117e-02  1.8762e+00  0.0422 0.9663738          
                idMaine               2.2512e-01  1.8762e+00  0.1200 0.9045211          
                idMaryland            4.2604e+00  1.8968e+00  2.2461 0.0249674 *        
                idMassachusetts       2.0362e+01  2.5540e+00  7.9724 5.310e-15 ***      
                idMichigan            1.6547e+01  2.1578e+00  7.6685 5.008e-14 ***      
                idMinnesota           9.0708e+00  1.9760e+00  4.5904 5.128e-06 ***      
                idMissouri            1.6965e+00  1.8792e+00  0.9028 0.3669218          
                idNebraska           -3.2850e-01  1.8764e+00 -0.1751 0.8610696          
                idNevada              1.5935e+00  1.8793e+00  0.8479 0.3967448          
                idNewHampshire        1.9852e+00  1.8825e+00  1.0546 0.2919406          
                idNewJersey           8.8446e+00  2.0241e+00  4.3695 1.408e-05 ***      
                idNewMexico           2.6705e+00  1.8850e+00  1.4167 0.1569540          
                idNewYork             3.1481e+01  2.8239e+00 11.1483 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       1.0212e+01  1.9984e+00  5.1103 4.019e-07 ***      
                idOhio                1.3257e+01  2.1643e+00  6.1256 1.411e-09 ***      
                idOklahoma            1.0729e+00  1.8772e+00  0.5715 0.5677874          
                idOregon              5.2294e+00  1.9100e+00  2.7379 0.0063192 **       
                idPennsylvania        1.5151e+01  2.2155e+00  6.8389 1.576e-11 ***      
                idRhodeIsland         7.1083e-01  1.8769e+00  0.3787 0.7049885          
                idSouthCarolina       7.9278e+00  1.9483e+00  4.0690 5.185e-05 ***      
                idSouthDakota        -5.1859e-04  1.8762e+00 -0.0003 0.9997795          
                idTennessee           2.2593e+00  1.8816e+00  1.2008 0.2301967          
                idTexas               1.7619e+01  2.2973e+00  7.6697 4.965e-14 ***      
                idUtah                1.9627e+00  1.8807e+00  1.0436 0.2969827          
                idVermont            -7.6279e-03  1.8762e+00 -0.0041 0.9967571          
                idVirginia            6.9360e+00  1.9321e+00  3.5898 0.0003509 ***      
                idWashington          9.2216e+00  1.9744e+00  4.6707 3.516e-06 ***      
                idWisconsin           7.0649e+00  1.9318e+00  3.6572 0.0002715 ***      
                time2001             -3.0626e+01  9.8011e+00 -3.1247 0.0018433 **       
                time2002             -2.8706e+01  9.0880e+00 -3.1587 0.0016438 **       
                time2003             -2.8525e+01  7.8794e+00 -3.6202 0.0003128 ***      
                time2004             -2.6447e+01  5.6105e+00 -4.7137 2.864e-06 ***      
                time2005             -2.2836e+01  4.3059e+00 -5.3035 1.468e-07 ***      
                time2006             -1.7339e+01  3.4701e+00 -4.9967 7.155e-07 ***      
                time2007             -1.2778e+01  3.0150e+00 -4.2380 2.516e-05 ***      
                time2008             -8.8037e+00  3.7240e+00 -2.3641 0.0183113 *        
                time2009             -2.9350e+00  4.3985e+00 -0.6673 0.5047857          
                time2010             -1.9164e+00  3.9487e+00 -0.4853 0.6275874          
                time2011             -3.2455e+00  2.8882e+00 -1.1237 0.2614696          
                time2012             -1.3768e+00  2.6420e+00 -0.5211 0.6024290          
                time2013             -2.1278e+00  3.5361e+00 -0.6017 0.5475180          
                time2014             -6.2346e+00  4.2986e+00 -1.4504 0.1473436          
                time2015             -5.1731e-01  2.0646e+00 -0.2506 0.8022199          
                time2016             -2.4202e+00  1.8885e+00 -1.2815 0.2003714          
                iis61                 1.0661e+02  8.9589e+00 11.8996 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis62                 8.4403e+01  8.7587e+00  9.6365 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis63                 9.0396e+01  8.8077e+00 10.2633 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis64                 1.1903e+02  8.7941e+00 13.5354 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis65                 1.2707e+02  8.6169e+00 14.7470 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis66                 2.0221e+02  8.5254e+00 23.7186 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis67                 1.7856e+02  8.6468e+00 20.6503 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis68                 2.0856e+02  8.8342e+00 23.6081 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis69                 2.1281e+02  9.2727e+00 22.9499 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis70                 1.6134e+02  9.6606e+00 16.7004 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis71                 1.7135e+02  9.2769e+00 18.4705 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                 1.6324e+02  9.1781e+00 17.7854 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis73                 1.6528e+02  9.0552e+00 18.2530 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis74                 1.1256e+02  8.9903e+00 12.5196 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis75                 1.4357e+02  8.6085e+00 16.6781 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis76                 1.4558e+02  8.5998e+00 16.9287 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis77                 1.1710e+02  8.6037e+00 13.6109 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis78                 1.3456e+02  8.5114e+00 15.8099 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis79                 1.0961e+02  8.5134e+00 12.8744 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis191                2.7454e+01  6.1632e+00  4.4545 9.596e-06 ***      
                iis406                2.8658e+01  6.1764e+00  4.6400 4.065e-06 ***      
                iis408                4.7382e+01  6.1660e+00  7.6843 4.463e-14 ***      
                iis433               -2.0162e+01  6.1963e+00 -3.2538 0.0011861 **       
                iis553                2.5123e+01  6.1611e+00  4.0776 5.000e-05 ***      
                iis633                2.5468e+01  6.1652e+00  4.1309 3.991e-05 ***      
                iis687                3.0209e+01  6.1574e+00  4.9061 1.124e-06 ***      
                iis789                2.7517e+01  6.1586e+00  4.4681 9.017e-06 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2020    -3.7069e+01  6.1781e+00 -6.0001 2.976e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)    21.90  1 2.873e-06 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  12.44  1 0.0004202 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     5.93291      
                R-squared            0.97734      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -2833.00785      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:55:08 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.5925e-01  3.2113e-02 17.4153 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                 -1.0907e+03  4.5240e+02 -2.4110 0.0161903 *        
                lpop                  1.0526e+03  3.5412e+02  2.9725 0.0030652 **       
                lgdp_sq               2.6632e+01  1.5194e+01  1.7528 0.0801104 .        
                avg_temp              3.2913e+00  2.6438e+00  1.2449 0.2136216          
                idCalifornia         -5.2208e+01  8.4907e+00 -6.1488 1.376e-09 ***      
                idColorado            4.2780e+00  2.0985e+00  2.0386 0.0418983 *        
                idConnecticut         7.3124e+00  2.1542e+00  3.3944 0.0007302 ***      
                idDelaware           -3.0359e+00  2.0886e+00 -1.4536 0.1465537          
                idDistrictofColumbia -7.3926e+00  2.1512e+00 -3.4365 0.0006276 ***      
                idFlorida             4.9735e+00  2.1054e+00  2.3623 0.0184599 *        
                idGeorgia            -3.4899e+00  2.1088e+00 -1.6549 0.0984261 .        
                idIdaho              -7.1818e+00  2.1472e+00 -3.3447 0.0008718 ***      
                idIllinois            4.5718e+00  2.1063e+00  2.1706 0.0303323 *        
                idIndiana            -4.7507e+00  2.1094e+00 -2.2522 0.0246493 *        
                idIowa               -7.2497e+00  2.1487e+00 -3.3740 0.0007856 ***      
                idKentucky           -7.5004e+00  2.1522e+00 -3.4850 0.0005257 ***      
                idMaryland           -3.0577e+00  2.0917e+00 -1.4619 0.1442719          
                idMassachusetts       1.4712e+01  2.5529e+00  5.7629 1.286e-08 ***      
                idMichigan            1.0191e+01  2.1981e+00  4.6361 4.307e-06 ***      
                idMinnesota           2.1467e+00  2.0837e+00  1.0303 0.3032762          
                idMissouri           -5.8209e+00  2.1247e+00 -2.7396 0.0063235 **       
                idNevada             -5.9214e+00  2.1242e+00 -2.7876 0.0054684 **       
                idNewHampshire       -5.4772e+00  2.1137e+00 -2.5913 0.0097811 **       
                idNewJersey           3.2590e+00  2.0918e+00  1.5580 0.1197279          
                idNewMexico          -4.7589e+00  2.1078e+00 -2.2578 0.0242976 *        
                idNewYork             2.7618e+01  2.8943e+00  9.5422 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       3.3667e+00  2.0913e+00  1.6098 0.1079259          
                idOhio                8.0713e+00  2.1716e+00  3.7167 0.0002195 ***      
                idOklahoma           -6.4944e+00  2.1360e+00 -3.0405 0.0024587 **       
                idOregon             -1.9977e+00  2.0830e+00 -0.9591 0.3378952          
                idPennsylvania        8.8269e+00  2.2411e+00  3.9387 9.093e-05 ***      
                idRhodeIsland        -6.8698e+00  2.1392e+00 -3.2114 0.0013870 **       
                idSouthCarolina       8.9414e-01  2.0782e+00  0.4303 0.6671539          
                idTennessee          -5.2159e+00  2.1162e+00 -2.4648 0.0139716 *        
                idTexas               1.2851e+01  2.2858e+00  5.6221 2.821e-08 ***      
                idUtah               -5.5261e+00  2.1188e+00 -2.6081 0.0093188 **       
                idVirginia           -1.7128e-01  2.0778e+00 -0.0824 0.9343281          
                idWashington          2.2913e+00  2.0832e+00  1.0999 0.2717911          
                idWisconsin          -4.4037e-02  2.0778e+00 -0.0212 0.9830975          
                time2001              1.5626e+02  8.1287e+01  1.9223 0.0550070 .        
                time2002              1.4906e+02  7.5897e+01  1.9639 0.0499692 *        
                time2003              1.4906e+02  7.1268e+01  2.0915 0.0368778 *        
                time2004              1.4710e+02  6.9439e+01  2.1184 0.0345296 *        
                time2005              1.4225e+02  6.1444e+01  2.3152 0.0209202 *        
                time2006              1.2902e+02  5.3371e+01  2.4175 0.0159085 *        
                time2007              1.1811e+02  4.6378e+01  2.5467 0.0111081 *        
                time2008              1.0027e+02  4.1994e+01  2.3878 0.0172385 *        
                time2009              5.4572e+01  3.0981e+01  1.7615 0.0786344 .        
                time2010              4.9982e+01  3.0074e+01  1.6620 0.0970111 .        
                time2011              4.5670e+01  2.8320e+01  1.6126 0.1073157          
                time2012              3.5120e+01  2.0597e+01  1.7051 0.0886636 .        
                time2013              3.1939e+01  2.1356e+01  1.4956 0.1352594          
                time2014              8.0952e+00  1.2493e+01  0.6480 0.5172231          
                time2015              7.4091e+00  9.8018e+00  0.7559 0.4499955          
                time2016             -2.0212e+00  5.2738e+00 -0.3833 0.7016597          
                iis21                 1.0140e+02  1.0000e+01 10.1397 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis22                 7.9396e+01  9.7546e+00  8.1393 2.082e-15 ***      
                iis23                 8.5658e+01  9.8205e+00  8.7223 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis24                 1.1395e+02  9.8025e+00 11.6241 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25                 1.2293e+02  9.5857e+00 12.8247 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26                 1.9815e+02  9.4735e+00 20.9165 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27                 1.7770e+02  9.6175e+00 18.4766 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28                 2.0804e+02  9.8451e+00 21.1316 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 2.1286e+02  1.0369e+01 20.5289 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                 1.6282e+02  1.0837e+01 15.0248 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                 1.7264e+02  1.0363e+01 16.6594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                 1.6425e+02  1.0249e+01 16.0258 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                 1.6419e+02  1.0106e+01 16.2458 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                 1.1411e+02  1.0024e+01 11.3840 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                 1.4241e+02  9.5708e+00 14.8800 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                 1.4539e+02  9.5594e+00 15.2090 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37                 1.1600e+02  9.5693e+00 12.1217 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38                 1.3221e+02  9.4521e+00 13.9875 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39                 1.0769e+02  9.4546e+00 11.3903 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis151                2.6816e+01  6.8501e+00  3.9147 0.0001002 ***      
                iis286                2.7779e+01  6.8601e+00  4.0494 5.766e-05 ***      
                iis288                4.6671e+01  6.8487e+00  6.8146 2.190e-11 ***      
                iis313               -2.1516e+01  6.8798e+00 -3.1274 0.0018439 **       
                iis547                3.0160e+01  6.8391e+00  4.4099 1.213e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2018    -2.1651e+01  4.1934e+00 -5.1630 3.249e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   17.127  1 3.496e-05 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 15.648  1 7.629e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.56998      
                R-squared            0.97631      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  -2336.54319      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:50:35 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      5.9379e-01  2.3589e-02 25.1722 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                     3.6680e+02  5.0179e+01  7.3098 5.915e-13 ***      
                lpop                    -3.0350e+02  3.0479e+01 -9.9579 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                 -1.2159e+01  3.0190e+00 -4.0276 6.111e-05 ***      
                avg_temp                -1.3271e+00  1.2141e+00 -1.0931 0.2746581          
                idAlaska                -1.1121e+00  1.5714e+00 -0.7077 0.4792998          
                idArizona                7.0269e+00  1.6248e+00  4.3249 1.697e-05 ***      
                idArkansas              -3.4395e-01  1.5700e+00 -0.2191 0.8266396          
                idCalifornia            -5.5266e+01  6.5792e+00 -8.4002 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado               1.0987e+01  1.6937e+00  6.4872 1.443e-10 ***      
                idConnecticut            2.0526e+01  2.2961e+00  8.9396 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware               4.2209e+00  1.5915e+00  2.6521 0.0081401 **       
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.3446e-01  1.5698e+00  0.1494 0.8813073          
                idFlorida                1.1634e+01  1.7065e+00  6.8173 1.701e-11 ***      
                idGeorgia                3.6096e+00  1.6245e+00  2.2220 0.0265318 *        
                idHawaii                -5.9702e-02  1.5698e+00 -0.0380 0.9696712          
                idIdaho                  4.2830e-01  1.5699e+00  0.2728 0.7850599          
                idIllinois               1.1226e+01  1.7082e+00  6.5720 8.407e-11 ***      
                idIndiana                2.6684e+00  1.5771e+00  1.6920 0.0909909 .        
                idIowa                   3.6673e-01  1.5699e+00  0.2336 0.8153434          
                idKansas                -5.3924e-02  1.5698e+00 -0.0344 0.9726056          
                idKentucky               1.3054e-01  1.5698e+00  0.0832 0.9337430          
                idLouisiana              7.8750e-02  1.5698e+00  0.0502 0.9600013          
                idMaine                  2.2455e-01  1.5698e+00  0.1430 0.8862877          
                idMaryland               4.2297e+00  1.5882e+00  2.6632 0.0078789 **       
                idMassachusetts          2.1536e+01  2.1931e+00  9.8202 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan               1.8140e+01  2.0892e+00  8.6827 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota              9.0026e+00  1.6588e+00  5.4273 7.361e-08 ***      
                idMississippi           -8.0664e-01  1.5707e+00 -0.5135 0.6076961          
                idMissouri               1.6847e+00  1.5725e+00  1.0714 0.2842926          
                idMontana               -6.4105e-01  1.5703e+00 -0.4082 0.6832012          
                idNebraska              -3.2526e-01  1.5700e+00 -0.2072 0.8359225          
                idNevada                 1.5815e+00  1.5726e+00  1.0057 0.3148548          
                idNewHampshire           1.9682e+00  1.5754e+00  1.2493 0.2118728          
                idNewJersey              1.0835e+01  1.9131e+00  5.6637 1.994e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico              2.6504e+00  1.5777e+00  1.6799 0.0933199 .        
                idNewYork                2.0450e+01  3.5932e+00  5.6914 1.705e-08 ***      
                idNorthCarolina          1.0137e+01  1.6786e+00  6.0387 2.273e-09 ***      
                idNorthDakota           -7.7310e-01  1.5707e+00 -0.4922 0.6226874          
                idOhio                   1.3380e+01  2.0548e+00  6.5116 1.236e-10 ***      
                idOklahoma               1.0659e+00  1.5708e+00  0.6786 0.4975522          
                idOregon                 5.1900e+00  1.6000e+00  3.2438 0.0012229 **       
                idPennsylvania           1.3573e+01  1.8844e+00  7.2027 1.249e-12 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            7.0512e-01  1.5704e+00  0.4490 0.6535436          
                idSouthCarolina          6.8203e+00  1.6531e+00  4.1258 4.039e-05 ***      
                idSouthDakota            1.2724e-04  1.5698e+00  0.0001 0.9999353          
                idTennessee              2.2436e+00  1.5747e+00  1.4248 0.1545542          
                idTexas                  1.3536e+01  2.3116e+00  5.8556 6.661e-09 ***      
                idUtah                   1.9483e+00  1.5739e+00  1.2379 0.2160825          
                idVermont               -7.2968e-03  1.5698e+00 -0.0046 0.9962923          
                idVirginia               6.8852e+00  1.6197e+00  4.2510 2.351e-05 ***      
                idWashington             8.3212e+00  2.1325e+00  3.9022 0.0001025 ***      
                idWestVirginia          -7.3220e-01  1.5705e+00 -0.4662 0.6411630          
                idWisconsin              7.0143e+00  1.6194e+00  4.3315 1.648e-05 ***      
                idWyoming               -5.6942e-01  1.5702e+00 -0.3626 0.7169589          
                time2001                -1.4720e+01  7.8804e+00 -1.8679 0.0621038 .        
                time2002                -1.3562e+01  7.3167e+00 -1.8536 0.0641224 .        
                time2003                -1.5704e+01  6.3206e+00 -2.4845 0.0131545 *        
                time2004                -1.7707e+01  4.4972e+00 -3.9372 8.880e-05 ***      
                time2005                -1.6464e+01  3.4343e+00 -4.7941 1.912e-06 ***      
                time2006                -1.1615e+01  2.7830e+00 -4.1736 3.290e-05 ***      
                time2007                -9.1374e+00  2.4221e+00 -3.7726 0.0001722 ***      
                time2008                -6.6201e+00  2.9472e+00 -2.2462 0.0249312 *        
                time2009                 8.2012e-02  3.5016e+00  0.0234 0.9813193          
                time2010                -5.2342e-01  3.1242e+00 -0.1675 0.8669848          
                time2011                -1.0183e+00  2.3033e+00 -0.4421 0.6585025          
                time2012                 2.0564e+00  2.1253e+00  0.9676 0.3335174          
                time2013                -2.0316e+00  2.7782e+00 -0.7313 0.4647992          
                time2014                -5.1548e+00  3.3751e+00 -1.5273 0.1270377          
                time2015                 1.8808e+00  1.6593e+00  1.1334 0.2573311          
                time2016                 5.2134e-01  1.5181e+00  0.3434 0.7313660          
                iis81                    1.0890e+02  7.5288e+00 14.4641 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis82                    8.6651e+01  7.3441e+00 11.7988 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis83                    9.2220e+01  7.3862e+00 12.4854 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis84                    1.2156e+02  7.3760e+00 16.4804 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis85                    1.2914e+02  7.2127e+00 17.9048 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis86                    2.0409e+02  7.1284e+00 28.6303 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis87                    1.8141e+02  7.2348e+00 25.0747 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis88                    2.1129e+02  7.4066e+00 28.5276 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis89                    2.1596e+02  7.7984e+00 27.6932 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis90                    1.6427e+02  8.1541e+00 20.1455 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis91                    1.7365e+02  7.8091e+00 22.2363 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis92                    1.6481e+02  7.7214e+00 21.3451 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis93                    1.6707e+02  7.6083e+00 21.9591 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis94                    1.1306e+02  7.5512e+00 14.9718 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis95                    1.4508e+02  7.2012e+00 20.1461 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis96                    1.4627e+02  7.1926e+00 20.3367 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis97                    1.1953e+02  7.1962e+00 16.6105 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis98                    1.3544e+02  7.1132e+00 19.0399 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis99                    1.1036e+02  7.1149e+00 15.5115 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis211                   2.8280e+01  5.1501e+00  5.4911 5.200e-08 ***      
                iis426                   2.7176e+01  5.1715e+00  5.2550 1.850e-07 ***      
                iis428                   4.7077e+01  5.1609e+00  9.1218 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis449                   2.2147e+01  5.2407e+00  4.2260 2.622e-05 ***      
                iis453                  -1.3941e+01  5.4071e+00 -2.5783 0.0100862 *        
                iis613                   2.8879e+01  5.3643e+00  5.3835 9.332e-08 ***      
                iis641                   2.0478e+01  5.8218e+00  3.5175 0.0004575 ***      
                iis642                   1.8375e+01  5.7919e+00  3.1725 0.0015626 **       
                iis644                   2.4949e+01  5.7981e+00  4.3030 1.870e-05 ***      
                iis653                   1.8765e+01  6.1496e+00  3.0514 0.0023448 **       
                iis655                   1.6508e+01  6.1699e+00  2.6755 0.0075970 **       
                iis657                   3.3404e+01  5.6160e+00  5.9479 3.887e-09 ***      
                iis707                   2.0685e+01  5.2391e+00  3.9482 8.488e-05 ***      
                iis713                   3.2191e+01  5.4263e+00  5.9324 4.259e-09 ***      
                iis717                   2.1925e+01  5.4242e+00  4.0421 5.752e-05 ***      
                iis767                   3.2742e+01  5.1536e+00  6.3531 3.349e-10 ***      
                iis770                   2.6533e+01  5.1563e+00  5.1457 3.274e-07 ***      
                iis817                   2.0996e+01  5.1481e+00  4.0783 4.938e-05 ***      
                iis869                   1.3154e+01  6.1446e+00  2.1407 0.0325664 *        
                iis951                   2.2253e+01  5.2637e+00  4.2277 2.603e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -1.1333e+01  2.3000e+00 -4.9273 9.928e-07 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2020 -2.5343e+01  5.1642e+00 -4.9075 1.095e-06 ***      
                fesisMichigan.2013      -7.8185e+00  2.4307e+00 -3.2166 0.0013437 **       
                fesisNewJersey.2013     -5.6367e+00  2.3875e+00 -2.3609 0.0184458 *        
                fesisNewYork.2007        2.1208e+01  3.6665e+00  5.7844 1.005e-08 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2012       -2.1769e+01  4.2050e+00 -5.1770 2.784e-07 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016       -1.0890e+01  4.3892e+00 -2.4811 0.0132786 *        
                fesisOhio.2013          -6.7539e+00  2.5509e+00 -2.6476 0.0082481 **       
                fesisTexas.2008          1.9906e+01  4.0650e+00  4.8968 1.155e-06 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011         -1.6559e+01  3.8861e+00 -4.2610 2.250e-05 ***      
                fesisWashington.2009     2.0353e+01  5.3215e+00  3.8246 0.0001400 ***      
                fesisWashington.2010    -2.2712e+01  5.2648e+00 -4.3139 1.782e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   25.238  1 5.066e-07 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 11.475  1 0.0007056 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     4.96412      
                R-squared            0.98302      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -3020.59860      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:54:29 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.8633e-01  2.6634e-02  22.0145 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                  4.6931e+02  5.9566e+01   7.8789 1.083e-14 ***      
                lpop                 -3.7459e+02  3.6157e+01 -10.3599 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq              -1.6608e+01  3.5876e+00  -4.6294 4.281e-06 ***      
                avg_temp             -1.0911e+00  1.4507e+00  -0.7521 0.4522032          
                idArizona             7.1596e+00  1.8241e+00   3.9250 9.423e-05 ***      
                idArkansas           -3.5206e-01  1.7619e+00  -0.1998 0.8416733          
                idCalifornia         -5.1969e+01  7.4155e+00  -7.0081 5.151e-12 ***      
                idColorado            1.1189e+01  1.9023e+00   5.8816 5.980e-09 ***      
                idConnecticut         1.3992e+01  1.9993e+00   6.9984 5.501e-12 ***      
                idDelaware            4.3039e+00  1.7863e+00   2.4093 0.0162078 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia  2.3739e-01  1.7617e+00   0.1348 0.8928413          
                idFlorida             1.1846e+01  1.9169e+00   6.1797 1.025e-09 ***      
                idGeorgia             3.7298e+00  1.8239e+00   2.0450 0.0411871 *        
                idHawaii             -6.2868e-02  1.7617e+00  -0.0357 0.9715415          
                idIdaho               4.3488e-01  1.7618e+00   0.2468 0.8050952          
                idIllinois            1.1439e+01  1.9188e+00   5.9618 3.748e-09 ***      
                idIndiana             2.7163e+00  1.7699e+00   1.5347 0.1252519          
                idIowa                3.7194e-01  1.7617e+00   0.2111 0.8328456          
                idKansas             -5.6906e-02  1.7617e+00  -0.0323 0.9742392          
                idKentucky            1.3264e-01  1.7617e+00   0.0753 0.9400018          
                idLouisiana           7.9662e-02  1.7616e+00   0.0452 0.9639433          
                idMaine               2.2597e-01  1.7617e+00   0.1283 0.8979681          
                idMaryland            4.3061e+00  1.7826e+00   2.4156 0.0159316 *        
                idMassachusetts       2.0612e+01  2.4389e+00   8.4514 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan            1.7878e+01  2.3789e+00   7.5154 1.528e-13 ***      
                idMinnesota           9.1723e+00  1.8627e+00   4.9243 1.030e-06 ***      
                idMissouri            1.7139e+00  1.7647e+00   0.9712 0.3317432          
                idNebraska           -3.3331e-01  1.7619e+00  -0.1892 0.8500026          
                idNevada              1.6113e+00  1.7648e+00   0.9130 0.3615311          
                idNewHampshire        2.0104e+00  1.7681e+00   1.1371 0.2558495          
                idNewJersey           8.9604e+00  1.9093e+00   4.6931 3.168e-06 ***      
                idNewMexico           2.7004e+00  1.7706e+00   1.5251 0.1276296          
                idNewYork             3.3576e+01  2.8796e+00  11.6600 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       1.0325e+01  1.8852e+00   5.4767 5.813e-08 ***      
                idOhio                1.3413e+01  2.3091e+00   5.8087 9.099e-09 ***      
                idOklahoma            1.0833e+00  1.7627e+00   0.6146 0.5390243          
                idOregon              5.2879e+00  1.7959e+00   2.9444 0.0033299 **       
                idPennsylvania        1.3940e+01  2.1192e+00   6.5781 8.628e-11 ***      
                idRhodeIsland         7.1931e-01  1.7624e+00   0.4081 0.6832737          
                idSouthCarolina       8.0137e+00  1.8347e+00   4.3679 1.420e-05 ***      
                idSouthDakota        -1.4788e-03  1.7617e+00  -0.0008 0.9993304          
                idTennessee           2.2827e+00  1.7672e+00   1.2918 0.1968172          
                idTexas               1.3696e+01  2.6024e+00   5.2629 1.825e-07 ***      
                idUtah                1.9842e+00  1.7663e+00   1.1234 0.2616141          
                idVermont            -8.1202e-03  1.7616e+00  -0.0046 0.9963234          
                idVirginia            7.0115e+00  1.8183e+00   3.8561 0.0001245 ***      
                idWashington          9.0979e+00  2.2374e+00   4.0662 5.253e-05 ***      
                idWisconsin           7.1402e+00  1.8180e+00   3.9276 9.325e-05 ***      
                time2001             -2.1803e+01  9.3759e+00  -2.3254 0.0203022 *        
                time2002             -2.0464e+01  8.7017e+00  -2.3517 0.0189294 *        
                time2003             -2.2338e+01  7.5222e+00  -2.9696 0.0030715 **       
                time2004             -2.3292e+01  5.3501e+00  -4.3535 1.515e-05 ***      
                time2005             -2.1326e+01  4.0864e+00  -5.2188 2.300e-07 ***      
                time2006             -1.5766e+01  3.3061e+00  -4.7686 2.206e-06 ***      
                time2007             -1.1855e+01  2.8775e+00  -4.1199 4.187e-05 ***      
                time2008             -8.4184e+00  3.5163e+00  -2.3941 0.0168906 *        
                time2009             -5.6363e-01  4.1721e+00  -0.1351 0.8925729          
                time2010             -1.4222e+00  3.7312e+00  -0.3812 0.7031887          
                time2011             -2.0026e+00  2.7458e+00  -0.7293 0.4660238          
                time2012              9.5534e-01  2.5256e+00   0.3783 0.7053361          
                time2013             -2.2395e+00  3.3221e+00  -0.6741 0.5004274          
                time2014             -6.1715e+00  4.0371e+00  -1.5287 0.1267442          
                time2015              1.2421e+00  1.9713e+00   0.6301 0.5287963          
                time2016             -2.9963e-01  1.8066e+00  -0.1659 0.8683121          
                iis61                 1.0603e+02  8.4552e+00  12.5401 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis62                 8.3940e+01  8.2510e+00  10.1733 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis63                 8.9902e+01  8.3011e+00  10.8302 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis64                 1.1882e+02  8.2906e+00  14.3324 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis65                 1.2672e+02  8.1056e+00  15.6337 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis66                 2.0197e+02  8.0108e+00  25.2121 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis67                 1.7922e+02  8.1273e+00  22.0520 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis68                 2.0940e+02  8.3173e+00  25.1767 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis69                 2.1371e+02  8.7563e+00  24.4064 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis70                 1.6312e+02  9.1501e+00  17.8267 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis71                 1.7238e+02  8.7624e+00  19.6729 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                 1.6363e+02  8.6639e+00  18.8863 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis73                 1.6571e+02  8.5403e+00  19.4037 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis74                 1.1273e+02  8.4758e+00  13.2998 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis75                 1.4350e+02  8.0906e+00  17.7361 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis76                 1.4497e+02  8.0804e+00  17.9405 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis77                 1.1770e+02  8.0844e+00  14.5594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis78                 1.3383e+02  7.9918e+00  16.7454 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis79                 1.0887e+02  7.9938e+00  13.6195 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis191                2.7899e+01  5.7892e+00   4.8192 1.726e-06 ***      
                iis406                2.8556e+01  5.8013e+00   4.9224 1.040e-06 ***      
                iis408                4.7887e+01  5.7905e+00   8.2700 5.603e-16 ***      
                iis429                2.1395e+01  5.9109e+00   3.6196 0.0003137 ***      
                iis433               -1.5826e+01  6.0139e+00  -2.6316 0.0086634 **       
                iis553                2.5068e+01  5.7853e+00   4.3331 1.659e-05 ***      
                iis584                1.2205e+01  5.8462e+00   2.0877 0.0371410 *        
                iis597                3.2389e+01  6.3106e+00   5.1324 3.598e-07 ***      
                iis627                2.0300e+01  5.8878e+00   3.4478 0.0005950 ***      
                iis633                3.1259e+01  6.0988e+00   5.1254 3.729e-07 ***      
                iis637                2.1014e+01  6.0947e+00   3.4479 0.0005946 ***      
                iis687                3.2043e+01  5.7916e+00   5.5327 4.282e-08 ***      
                iis690                2.6103e+01  5.7932e+00   4.5059 7.600e-06 ***      
                fesisMichigan.2012   -5.4354e+00  2.6756e+00  -2.0314 0.0425435 *        
                fesisNewYork.2016    -2.3360e+01  3.2104e+00  -7.2763 8.229e-13 ***      
                fesisOhio.2013       -5.8585e+00  2.8662e+00  -2.0440 0.0412832 *        
                fesisTexas.2008       2.3779e+01  3.9349e+00   6.0432 2.320e-09 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011      -1.9891e+01  3.7122e+00  -5.3582 1.102e-07 ***      
                fesisWashington.2011  1.8959e+01  5.9127e+00   3.2065 0.0013971 **       
                fesisWashington.2012 -2.0568e+01  5.9449e+00  -3.4597 0.0005696 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   12.870  1 0.0003339 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 10.345  1 0.0012981 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     5.57082      
                R-squared            0.98029      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -2770.83203      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:55:11 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.4830e-01  3.1304e-02 17.5151 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                 -1.1402e+03  4.2723e+02 -2.6688 0.0078074 **       
                lpop                  1.0894e+03  3.3430e+02  3.2588 0.0011791 **       
                lgdp_sq               2.8406e+01  1.4356e+01  1.9787 0.0482793 *        
                avg_temp              3.5449e+00  2.4954e+00  1.4206 0.1559285          
                idCalifornia         -5.0696e+01  8.1029e+00 -6.2566 7.264e-10 ***      
                idColorado            4.3787e+00  1.9778e+00  2.2139 0.0271952 *        
                idConnecticut         7.5066e+00  2.0340e+00  3.6906 0.0002431 ***      
                idDelaware           -3.1088e+00  1.9679e+00 -1.5798 0.1146566          
                idDistrictofColumbia -7.5829e+00  2.0310e+00 -3.7336 0.0002058 ***      
                idFlorida             5.0897e+00  1.9848e+00  2.5644 0.0105668 *        
                idGeorgia            -3.5258e+00  1.9864e+00 -1.7750 0.0763815 .        
                idIdaho              -7.3668e+00  2.0269e+00 -3.6344 0.0003013 ***      
                idIllinois            4.6900e+00  1.9857e+00  2.3618 0.0184872 *        
                idIndiana            -4.8750e+00  1.9888e+00 -2.4512 0.0145078 *        
                idIowa               -7.4367e+00  2.0285e+00 -3.6662 0.0002669 ***      
                idKentucky           -7.6919e+00  2.0319e+00 -3.7855 0.0001680 ***      
                idMaryland           -3.1404e+00  1.9710e+00 -1.5933 0.1115974          
                idMassachusetts       1.5175e+01  2.4302e+00  6.2443 7.820e-10 ***      
                idMichigan            1.0336e+01  2.0764e+00  4.9779 8.305e-07 ***      
                idMinnesota           2.2010e+00  1.9629e+00  1.1213 0.2625975          
                idMissouri           -5.9727e+00  2.0043e+00 -2.9799 0.0029942 **       
                idNevada             -6.0723e+00  2.0038e+00 -3.0304 0.0025421 **       
                idNewHampshire       -5.6100e+00  1.9932e+00 -2.8145 0.0050377 **       
                idNewJersey           3.5524e+00  2.2808e+00  1.5575 0.1198542          
                idNewMexico          -4.8802e+00  1.9873e+00 -2.4557 0.0143278 *        
                idNewYork             2.9300e+01  2.8492e+00 10.2836 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       3.4482e+00  1.9706e+00  1.7498 0.0806415 .        
                idOhio                7.0685e+00  2.0812e+00  3.3964 0.0007257 ***      
                idOklahoma           -6.6636e+00  2.0156e+00 -3.3059 0.0010003 **       
                idOregon             -2.0487e+00  1.9622e+00 -1.0441 0.2968572          
                idPennsylvania        7.7708e+00  2.1439e+00  3.6246 0.0003127 ***      
                idRhodeIsland        -7.0436e+00  2.0189e+00 -3.4889 0.0005187 ***      
                idSouthCarolina       9.1032e-01  1.9574e+00  0.4651 0.6420369          
                idTennessee          -5.3532e+00  1.9957e+00 -2.6823 0.0075025 **       
                idTexas               7.1159e+00  2.7781e+00  2.5614 0.0106560 *        
                idUtah               -5.6680e+00  1.9984e+00 -2.8363 0.0047108 **       
                idVirginia           -1.8066e-01  1.9570e+00 -0.0923 0.9264762          
                idWashington          2.3434e+00  1.9625e+00  1.1941 0.2328789          
                idWisconsin          -5.3999e-02  1.9570e+00 -0.0276 0.9779959          
                time2001              1.6566e+02  7.6804e+01  2.1569 0.0313875 *        
                time2002              1.5782e+02  7.1710e+01  2.2008 0.0281088 *        
                time2003              1.5724e+02  6.7331e+01  2.3353 0.0198410 *        
                time2004              1.5496e+02  6.5597e+01  2.3623 0.0184647 *        
                time2005              1.4914e+02  5.8039e+01  2.5696 0.0104106 *        
                time2006              1.3499e+02  5.0411e+01  2.6777 0.0076052 **       
                time2007              1.2327e+02  4.3804e+01  2.8142 0.0050431 **       
                time2008              1.0436e+02  3.9665e+01  2.6311 0.0087195 **       
                time2009              5.7776e+01  2.9282e+01  1.9731 0.0489161 *        
                time2010              5.2375e+01  2.8423e+01  1.8427 0.0658473 .        
                time2011              4.9093e+01  2.6763e+01  1.8344 0.0670649 .        
                time2012              3.7695e+01  1.9471e+01  1.9360 0.0533160 .        
                time2013              3.3130e+01  2.0187e+01  1.6412 0.1012638          
                time2014              9.8530e+00  1.1817e+01  0.8338 0.4047307          
                time2015              8.7424e+00  9.2756e+00  0.9425 0.3462867          
                time2016             -5.4316e-01  4.9994e+00 -0.1086 0.9135187          
                iis21                 1.0026e+02  9.4637e+00 10.5938 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis22                 7.8539e+01  9.2154e+00  8.5225 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis23                 8.4717e+01  9.2822e+00  9.1268 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis24                 1.1303e+02  9.2640e+00 12.2007 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25                 1.2234e+02  9.0438e+00 13.5271 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26                 1.9782e+02  8.9289e+00 22.1555 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27                 1.7838e+02  9.0679e+00 19.6721 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28                 2.0970e+02  9.3009e+00 22.5461 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 2.1501e+02  9.8265e+00 21.8803 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                 1.6604e+02  1.0299e+01 16.1218 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                 1.7425e+02  9.8209e+00 17.7428 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                 1.6577e+02  9.7070e+00 17.0776 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                 1.6697e+02  9.5629e+00 17.4597 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                 1.1531e+02  9.4802e+00 12.1633 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                 1.4302e+02  9.0243e+00 15.8483 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                 1.4528e+02  9.0145e+00 16.1167 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37                 1.1680e+02  9.0210e+00 12.9481 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38                 1.3246e+02  8.9045e+00 14.8760 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39                 1.0795e+02  8.9070e+00 12.1201 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis151                2.6610e+01  6.4523e+00  4.1241 4.220e-05 ***      
                iis286                2.7440e+01  6.4631e+00  4.2456 2.508e-05 ***      
                iis288                4.7146e+01  6.4515e+00  7.3077 8.247e-13 ***      
                iis313               -1.9870e+01  6.4881e+00 -3.0625 0.0022884 **       
                iis493                2.4369e+01  6.4544e+00  3.7755 0.0001748 ***      
                iis547                3.1296e+01  6.4508e+00  4.8515 1.545e-06 ***      
                iis550                2.5220e+01  6.4534e+00  3.9081 0.0001031 ***      
                fesisNewJersey.2013   2.2870e+01  6.5416e+00  3.4961 0.0005053 ***      
                fesisNewJersey.2014  -2.6738e+01  6.7185e+00 -3.9798 7.698e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016    -2.4077e+01  6.4850e+00 -3.7127 0.0002232 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2017     3.1294e+01  8.9052e+00  3.5141 0.0004728 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2018    -3.0247e+01  7.2544e+00 -4.1694 3.480e-05 ***      
                fesisTexas.2008       2.3543e+01  4.3796e+00  5.3757 1.075e-07 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011      -1.8486e+01  4.1357e+00 -4.4698 9.284e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df  p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   14.3223  1 0.000154 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  7.7124  1 0.005484 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.18798      
                R-squared            0.97925      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  -2289.41386